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reduced from 1.23 ± 0.05 mm² to 1.09 ± 0.10 mm² (p=0.0360). A similar trend was observed for

the drop placement error, which increased from 220 ± 100 µm to 340 ± 80 µm (p = 0.0576). With
dynamic compensation, all printing quality metrics improved, showing no statistically significant

difference from printing on a stationary target (Figure 3c to 3f).

Taken together, these results demonstrate that the fiber-based LIST not only results in a small-

footprint mobile system but also enables automation for printing in dynamic environments—

something that was impossible with the initial LIST implementation 28,34,35 , which was based on
free-space optics and a stationary printing head.

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