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engineered to optimize nanoparticle synthesis through fine-tuned manipulation of fluid

dynamics, mixing efficiency, and interfacial phenomena. These platforms have

facilitated the development of diverse nanodelivery systems, such as lipid nanoparticles
(LNPs), polymeric nanocarriers, and inorganic hybrids, tailored for applications in drug

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delivery, diagnostics, and theranostics (Figure 5A) . However, challenges persist in
achieving large-scale production, ensuring long-term stability, and addressing

biocompatibility concerns. Furthermore, the integration of smart materials, AI-driven

optimization, and modular microfluidic architecture presents promising avenues to

overcome these limitations and advances next-generation nanomedicine.

Bevacizumab (Bev), a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, inhibits

malignant cell proliferation/metastasis by suppressing tumor vasculature formation and

is clinically approved for angiogenesis inhibition and cancer treatment 100 . However,

poor biodistribution and pharmacokinetics limit its bioavailability at tumor sites,

reducing efficacy 101 . Microfluidics addresses this by generating size-uniform

microgels encapsulating proteins as effective drug carriers. Chen et al. 102 developed

microgels with tumor adhesive properties and pH-dependent degradability via
microfluidics and photopolymerization for sustained local delivery of Bev/docetaxel

(DTX). This normalized tumor vasculature, enabling uniform drug distribution and

deeper penetration, improving chemotherapy outcomes and offering a platform for

treating recurrent/metastatic cancers. Huang et al. 103 prepared small, traceable,

endosome-disrupting, and bioresponsive nanogels via microfluidics for CD44-targeted

cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic proteins (Figure 5B). Arduino et al. 104 developed

a biomimetic liposome system based on microfluidic technology and 3D printing,

overcoming blood-brain barrier penetration and immune clearance challenges in

glioblastoma treatment, enhancing PTX/carboplatin targeting and efficacy. This system

offers precise control over nanoparticle synthesis and enabling the development of

tailored nanocarriers for targeted central nervous system malignancies therapeutics.

Building on this, they developed iRGD-functionalized paclitaxel-loaded solid lipid

nanoparticles via microfluidic technology, enhancing their anticancer potential through

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