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Artificial Intelligence in Health AI in higher medical education

body. They can then be used to develop virtual reality who pointed out that AI-based algorithms can be applied
(VR) medical simulators in the metaverse and medical to the personalization of learning content, automated
holograms (mixed reality). 21-23 Thus, AI has an integral grading, and virtual touring, including as they do features
role in the development of the virtual environment. such as speech-to-text and text-to-speech. Then, GenText
Similarly, surgical simulation provides physicians with can offer an AI-human interactive experience on top. For
richer, more realistic tools for training and improving their example, Beilby et al. evaluated the use of ChatGTP for
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skills. It enables the production of 3D interactive objects providing fertility information that could inform decision-
from medical data such as magnetic resonance imaging, making. They found that while ChatGPT effectively sorted
computer tomography, and other techniques. 25,26 This helps through a large amount of information and generated
students understand medical content, as demonstrated summaries, medical practitioners were still needed for
in a pilot study by Sariciliar et al. The use of solutions further explanations and counseling. Moreover, Funk and
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based on AI and XR also allows the operating table to coauthors demonstrated statistically significant differences
be observed from an unlimited perspective and from between ChatGPT versions. Specifically, ChatGPT-4 was
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anywhere in the world without disrupting the course of found to be more consistent, providing 44.9% more correct
the operation (although this is naturally dependent on a answers to medical questions than version 3.5.
stable internet connection. 28,29 Furthermore, the attending
physician also has the opportunity to consult with another While AI-based tools such as ChatGTP offer many
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physician in a different location without leaving the patient benefits, they are not without drawbacks. An undoubted
and the operating table. Operations can also be recorded advantage is the fact that ChatGPT is a tool that provides
and played back from different observation perspectives, the user with output at any time; the only requirement is
which also has a significant educational dimension. An to have an account and good internet access. Moreover,
interesting AI-based application field has also been pointed through the way the user asks questions and based on the
out by Winker-Schwartz et al., namely the use of machine context of the conversation, ChatGTP adapts the content
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learning to analyze texts to assess knowledge in the area to its interlocutor. 38
of surgery. AI can also help assess the level of knowledge There is also an option to include in the question the
and skills of the user performing surgery in a virtual level at which the user would like to get an answer. This
environment. For this purpose, electroencephalography works well even when working on the basic free level
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recording was used as input data. It turned out that the rather than the paid (Doctor GPT). However, the biggest
records differ depending on qualifications and experience, limitation is the strict dependence on the nature of the
and this can be used to develop a classifier of their skills input data applied. In the case of ChatGTP, it is also worth
(markers of experience). However, a major contrast is to be noting the fact that databases have not been updated since
made between the application of AI in medical practice in January 2022, which is an important issue considering
high and low-income countries, where the latter find the the rapid development of medicine. Furthermore, this
requirement for expensive equipment and high-capacity operation results from the very principles of its internal
internet connectivity challenging. structure, its ability to create answers based on patterns
In contrast to the visual side, text is a vast area where within data sequences. In addition, it may provide
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AI has the potential for extensive use in many use cases. incomplete information, which may cause ChatGPT to
A GenText engine such as ChatGTP based on large create literature sources that do not exist in reality. Another
language models (LLMs) is capable of quickly producing significant disadvantage of LLMs is the lack of consideration
large amounts of convincing natural language text of for the context of medical concepts or the nuances of
many types and purposes, from chatbots to scientific patient care. In addition, there is an ethical issue related to
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writing. Although its use as a production tool has led to the security of patient data. A further limitation is the fact
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bans and restrictions in the higher education sector due that ChatGPT operates in English, but data added in other
to fears that students will lose the capability of writing languages could be converted into English by automated
original work or thinking for themselves, the sector is translation. In the future, this can improve communication
now beginning to accept that there will be a place for with both patients and students who do not speak English
ChatGPT and it is better to educate users than to ban it fluently. Furthermore, a limitation is the fact that ChatGPT
outright. Apart from a tool to assist in the production does not have a built-in data reliability assessment module.
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of text (ranging from reports, notes, and summaries to It is also possible to overtrain LLMs. It is worth noting
discursive pieces), ChatGPT can be used to create learning that ChatGPT is a content aggregator and analyzer based
programs themselves. The potential of AI in distance on a language model, not a source of knowledge in itself.
education has been demonstrated by Garlinska et al., It should rather be treated as a supporting tool or kind of
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Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/aih.3276