Page 136 - AJWEP-v22i2

AL-Sudani, et al.

Figure 3. Soil sample locations in Kumait city

Table 3. The efficiency and minimum detectable A Ra A Th A K (IV)
ex
activity for radium-226, thorium-232, and H 370 259 4810
potassium-40 The prime objective of H and H is to limit the
ex
in
Nuclide Efficiency Minimum detectable radiation dose to a dose equivalent limit of 1 mSv/year.
activity (Bq/kg) Thus, their values must be less than unity (i.e. ≤1) for
Radium-226 0.06103 1.831 the radiation hazards to be negligible.
Thorium-232 0.01142 2.632
Potassium-40 0.0113 2.79 2.4.3. Gamma index
The radioactivity level index (I ) can be used to
γ
estimate the gamma-radiation hazard levels, typically
Ra = A + (1.43 × A ) + (0.077 × A ) (II) those associated with natural radionuclides, and it was
Ra
eq
k
Th
Where A , A , and A are the activity concentrations evaluated using Equation V. 33,34
Ra
Th
K
of Ra, Th, and K in Bq/kg, respectively. A A A
40
226
232
I Ra Th K (V)

2.4.2. Hazard index 300 200 3000
To account for the hazards associated with the external The value of Iγ must be less than unity to keep the
and internal exposure of the radiation emanating from radiation hazard insignificant.
226 Ra, 232 Th, and K in the studied soil samples, the
40
internal hazard index (H ) and external hazard index 2.4.4. Absorbed dose rate
in
(H ) were determined using Equations III and IV. 30-32 The absorbed dose rate in the air is measured one meter
ex
above the ground surface and is used to express the
A A A radiation dose received in the open air. This parameter
H Ra Th K (III)
in
185 259 4810 is critical for evaluating radiation risk. The indoor,
Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 130 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025060032