Page 84 - AN-1-3
P. 84
Advanced Neurology Microglia in autism spectrum disorder
in the theoretical stage and have not been translated from References
ongoing animal experiments to clinical trials. The precise 1. Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Bakian AV, et al., 2021, Prevalence
regulation of microglia should be the focus of future research, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among
but elucidating the explicit circuits still remains a priority. children Aged 8 years - autism and developmental
The emphasis of future research on ASD should include disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States 2018.
a range of relevant mechanisms: (1) the involvement of MMWR Surveill Summ, 70(11): 1–16.
microglia in the development of ASD, and the molecular https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1
mechanisms of microglia activation, which are crucial 2. Zeidan J, Fombonne E, Scorah J, et al., 2022, Global
for precise intervention; (2) the modulation of cytokines prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism
secreted by microglia, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in Res, 15(5): 778–790.
both peripheral blood and CNS of ASD patients, and the
inflammatory pathways they participate in, since there https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696
might be association between the role of inflammatory 3. Elsabbagh M, Divan G, Koh YJ, et al., 2012, Global
factors and the abnormal phagocytic pruning by microglia; prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental
(3) the characterization of microglial activity and marker disorders. Autism Res, 5(3): 160–179.
molecules in the early stages of ASD, which is crucial for https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.239
the early identification and intervention of ASD.
4. Shaw KA, Maenner MJ, Bakian AV, et al., 2021, Early
Acknowledgment identification of autism spectrum disorder among children
Aged 4 Years - autism and developmental disabilities
Language editing was performed by editors of monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2018. MMWR
scientificmanuscriptediting.com. The schematic Surveill Summ, 70(10): 1–14.
diagrams were prepared using FigDraw resources. The https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7010a1
relevant authorization code is as follows: TUPUSd4c58, 5. Borst K, Dumas AA, Prinz M, 2021, Microglia: Immune and
TARSR9c992, APSSRe7bbe, and ITART05260.
non-immune functions. Immunity, 54(10): 2194–2208.
Funding https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.014
This work was supported by the Science and Technology 6. Cserep C, Posfai B, Denes A, 2021, Shaping neuronal
Innovation 2030 Project of China (2021ZD0201005 to fate: Functional heterogeneity of direct microglia-neuron
S.W.), the Natural Science Foundation of China (81730035 interactions. Neuron, 109(2): 222–240.
to S.W. and 62201699 to B.G.), and the Natural Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.007
Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2021JCW-13 to S.W.). 7. Badimon A, Strasburger HJ, Ayata P, et al., 2020, Negative
Conflict of interest feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia. Nature,
586(7829): 417–423.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2777-8
Author contributions 8. Xu ZX, Kim GH, Tan JW, et al., 2020, Elevated protein
synthesis in microglia causes autism-like synaptic and
Conceptualization: Baolin Guo, Shengxi Wu behavioral aberrations. Nat Commun, 11(1): 1797.
Writing – original draft: Yangming Zhang, Yuqiao Xie,
Zishuo Cheng, Yanran Zhang, Wenting Wang https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15530-3
Writing – review & editing: Baolin Guo, Shengxi Wu 9. Velmeshev D, Schirmer L, Jung D, et al., 2019, Single-cell
genomics identifies cell type-specific molecular changes in
Ethics approval and consent to participate autism. Science, 364(6441): 685–689.
Not applicable. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav8130
10. Elsabbagh M, 2020, Linking risk factors and outcomes in
Consent for publication autism spectrum disorder: Is there evidence for resilience?.
Not applicable. BMJ, 368: l6880.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6880
Availability of data
11. Kalish BT, Kim E, Finander B, et al., 2021, Maternal immune
The supporting data can be obtained from the activation in mice disrupts proteostasis in the fetal brain.
corresponding author upon reasonable request. Nat Neurosci, 24(2): 204–213.
Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022) 9 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i3.167

