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Advanced Neurology The AIS structure and function

Acknowledgments https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13658-5

We thank the National Center for Protein Sciences at 5. Kole MH, Stuart GJ, 2012, Signal processing in the axon
Peking University, Beijing, China, the State Key Laboratory initial segment. Neuron, 73: 235–247.
of Membrane Biology at Peking University, Beijing, China, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.007
for their assistance, and the Expert Workstation of Yiwu 6. Rasband MN, 2010, The axon initial segment and the
Boya Rehabilitation Hospital. maintenance of neuronal polarity. Nat Rev Neurosci,
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Funding
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2852
This work was supported by the National Science and 7. Grubb MS, Burrone J, 2010, Building and maintaining the
Technology Innovation 2030-Major Program of “Brain axon initial segment. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 20: 481–488.
Science and Brain-Like Research” (2022ZD0211800), the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2010.04.012
general research grants (81971679), the Qidong-PKU SLS 8. Kordeli E, Lambert S, Bennett V, 1995, AnkyrinG. A new
Innovation Fund (2016000663). ankyrin gene with neural-specific isoforms localized at the
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The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.5.2352

Author contributions 9. Jenkins PM, Kim N, Jones SL, et al., 2015, Giant ankyrin-G:
A critical innovation in vertebrate evolution of fast and
Conceptualization: Zhiya Chen, Takahiko Mochizuki, and integrated neuronal signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
Yan Zhang 112: 957–964.
Writing – original draft: Zhiya Chen, Takahiko Mochizuki, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416544112
and Yan Zhang
Writing – review & editing: Zhiya Chen, Takahiko 10. Leterrier C, 2016, The axon initial segment, 50 years later:
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Mochizuki, and Yan Zhang Membr, 77: 185–233.
Ethics approval and consent to participate https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.10.005
Not applicable. 11. Boiko T, Vakulenko M, Ewers H, et al., 2007, Ankyrin-
dependent and -independent mechanisms orchestrate
Consent for publication axonal compartmentalization of L1 family members
neurofascin and L1/neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule.
Not applicable. J Neurosci, 27: 590–603.

Availability of data https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4302-06.2007
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