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Advanced Neurology Voluntary running effects in PTEN knockout mouse

A

B

Figure 5. Latency to enter the dark chamber in both exposure and probe
sessions in the passive avoidance test. Sedentary WT, n = 10; sedentary
HT, n = 10; exercise WT, n = 9; and exercise HT, n = 9. Kruskal–Wallis test
was conducted, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test: *P < 0.05 for exposure
versus probe in sedentary WT, sedentary HT, and exercise HT groups,
**P < 0.01 for exposure versus probe in exercise WT group.
Abbreviations: WT: Wild-type; HT: Heterozygous.

4. Discussion and conclusion
Figure 4. (A) Time of exploration (s) in the chambers with an animal This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 10-day voluntary
(M) or the “empty” (O) part of the chamber and (B) time of exploration
with a familiar (F) or a novel (N) animal within the social behavior running in PTEN neuronal haploinsufficient mice. We
test apparatus, by sedentary or exercised mice. Sedentary WT, n = 10; chose to conduct the experiments using female mice for
sedentary HT, n = 10; exercise WT, n = 9; and exercise HT, n = 9. The two reasons. First, previous studies in the literature have
results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean and were primarily focused on male mice. In addition, female mice
analyzed by a two-way ANOVA test ( P = 0.0132) followed by Fisher’s have been reported to exhibit higher running activity than
#
LSD post-test. *P < 0.05 for WT sedentary (familiar vs. novel) and novel [45-47]
(WT sedentary vs. HT sedentary). their male counterparts .
Abbreviations: WT: Wild-type; HT: Heterozygous; ANOVA: Analysis of While we acknowledge that the presence of running
variance; LSD: Lysergic acid diethylamide.
wheels in the animal home cage may be considered a
form of environmental enrichment, we tightly controlled
factor, F[1,19] = 5.834, P = 0.0260; and interaction factor, the distance traveled using an apparatus that detected the
F[1,19]=1.192, P = 0.2886) (Figure 6B-D).
number of wheel turns in each home cage, allowing us to
The analysis of total NR1 expression suggested account for the potential effects of running in the present
an increase caused by the genotype factor study.
(F[1,17] = 5.568, P = 0.0305) (Figure 6E). No statistical Physical exercise has emerged as one of the most
difference was observed in the phospho-NR1 among effective on-pharmacological strategies for preventing
the groups (genotype factor, F[1,16]=1.126, P = 0.3043; neurodegenerative processes and managing cognitive
[48]
treatment factor, F[1,16] = 2.685, P = 0.1208; and decline in aging brains . Besides, physical exercise seems
[49]
interaction factor, F[1,16] = 0.1818, P = 0.6755) to be a strategy to treat and prevent Alzheimer’s disease and
(Figure 6F). No change was observed in the total NR2B [50]
(genotype factor, F[1,18]=0.4542, P = 0.5089; treatment other types of dementia . Physical exercise benefits have
factor, F[1,18]=0.7405, P = 0.4008; and interaction been observed for the management of autism spectrum
[51]
factor, F[1,18] = 0.3413, P = 0.5663) (Figure 6G), in disorder .
phospho-S473 AKT (genotype factor, F[1,14] = 0.007380, An increase in food intake between the 1 and 10 day
st
th
P = 0.9328; treatment factor, F[1,14] = 0.0005750, of voluntary physical exercise was observed in both WT
P = 0.9812; and interaction factor, F[1,14] = 0.2053, and HT mice (Figure 1A), consistent with similar results
P = 0.6574) (Figure 6H), and in the total AKT (genotype reported in the literature [52,53] . In addition, the total body
factor, F[1,14] = 0.5788, P = 0.4594; treatment factor, mass of females that practiced voluntary running differed
F[1,14] = 0.8711, P = 0.3665; and interaction factor, from that of sedentary females (Figure 1B). During
F[1,14] = 2.059, P = 0.1733) (Figure 6I). the 10 days of voluntary physical exercise, the distance

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.0872