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Advanced Neurology Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease rodent models

A B

C D

E F

Figure 4. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rodent models used in the past 5 years. (A) Type of AD model (induced, genetic, both, or combined in the same animal)
used by the 2,961 selected studies for the review over the last 5 years. (B) Type and number of AD models (induced, genetic, both, or combined in the
same animal) used by the 2,961 selected studies for the review in each of the 5 assessed years (2019 – 2023). (C) Type of the 3,058 AD models reported
(induced, genetic, or combined in the same animal) by the selected studies over the last 5 years. (D) Type and number of the 3,058 AD models reported
(induced, genetic, or combined in the same animal) by the selected studies in each of the past 5 years (2019 – 2023). (E) Detailed AD model used over the
last 5 years (from high to low percentages: APP/PS1, 5×FAD, APPs, 3×Tg, Aβ-induced, Tau, APP NL-F/APP NL-G-F, streptozotocin (STZ), scopolamine,
SAMP8, D-gal/AlCl , others, APOE, combined, new model, LPS, and PS2APP). (F) Detailed PD model used in each of the past 5 years (2019–2023) (from
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high to low numbers: APP/PS1, 5×FAD, APPs, 3×Tg, Aβ-induced, Tau, APP NL-F/APP NL-G-F, STZ, scopolamine, SAMP8, D-gal/AlCl , others, APOE,
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combined, new model, LPS, and PS2APP).
Aβ at a very early stage, within the first 6 weeks of life. 4.1.3. Other APP-based models
By just 2 months, Aβ aggregates are already found in the In the present review, we have grouped all AD mice models
hippocampus, cortex, and thalamic regions. The pathology carrying mutations in APP under this category. These mice
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progresses gradually, leading to significant neuronal exhibit APP overexpression, which leads to an endogenous
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loss. Notably, progression occurs in both sexes, making increase in APP levels, with an accumulation of Aβ,
the model advantageous for studies involving potential mimicking the pathology observed in patients. Mutations
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treatments. Regarding behavioral aspects, cognitive in APP encompass various subtypes, with Swedish (Swe),
decline begins as early as 3 months of age, worsening over Indiana (Ind), London (Lon), Danish (DI), and Arctic
time. Spatial memory impairment is evident in mice aged (Arc) mutations being frequently encountered. One
3 to 6 months, while significant differences in anxiety levels example of the lineages reported in the selected studies is
of the animals are observed from 9 to 12 months of age. the hAPPJ20 mice, which harbor the APP (Swe and Ind)
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However, it is worth noting that hyperactivity has been mutations. In this model, human APP is overexpressed,
reported in 5×FAD mice, which could pose a challenge in leading to Aβ immunoreactivity evident between 6 and
behavioral studies utilizing this model. 84 36 weeks of age, with senile plaques appearing at 5 months

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 9 doi: 10.36922/an.2903