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Advanced Neurology

REVIEW ARTICLE
A narrative review on the role of stem cell

therapy in stroke treatment: Current advances,
mechanisms, and future prospects

2
3
1
Aminu Auwal Umar *, Ibrahim Isyaku , Shabani Ally Rajab ,
2
and Khadga Raj Aran *
1 Lala Lajpat Rai College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
2 Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
3 Medical Dawlia Limited, Kigogo Kisarawe II, Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract
Stroke is a neurological condition characterized by blood vessel obstruction, leading
to localized loss of brain function and associated neurological manifestations. Fatal
cases of stroke are underrepresented in case–control studies compared to incident
cases attributed to common causes. Hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes make up
*Corresponding authors: the primary classifications of stroke. This review describes the most recent findings
Aminu Auwal Umar on stem cells and how they can be used to treat stroke in people with serious
(lukoprano@gmail.com);
Khadga Raj Aran illnesses. It highlights the potential of stem cells in stroke rehabilitation and gives
(Khadgaraj@isfcp.org) an overview of their various forms and mechanisms of action. Stem cells promote
Citation: Umar AA, Isyaku I, stroke recovery through diverse pathways, depending on the cell type employed.
Rajab SA, Aran KR. A narrative Recent advancements in cell therapy for stroke include different stem cell sources,
review on the role of stem cell application methods, modification of culturing media and stem cells ex vivo, stem
therapy in stroke treatment: Current
advances, mechanisms, and future cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and 3D bioprocessing methods. Pre-clinical and
prospects. Adv Neurol. clinical trials are important in assessing the effectiveness of the therapy, as the effect
2025;4(3):1-15. varies among individuals. Data were collected from different trials, highlighting the
doi: 10.36922/an.5582
need for further advancements in stem cell therapy to improve its outcomes for
Received: October 25, 2024 treating stroke.
1st revised: November 9, 2024
2nd revised: December 2, 2024 Keywords: Stroke; Stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Clinical trials; Bioprocessing
Accepted: December 26, 2024 methods
Published online: January 17,
2025
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). 1. Introduction
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the Stroke is a neurological disorder and the second leading cause of mortality and infirmity
Creative Commons Attribution around the world. Ischemic stroke, accounting for about 80% of all stroke cases, in which
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, blood vessels get occluded by the formation of clots that interrupt cranial blood flow. This
provided the original work is clogging reduces the blood flow to the brain, leading to necrosis – cell death along with
properly cited. cellular degradation and loss of neuronal function. Hemorrhagic stroke contributes to
1
Publisher’s Note: AccScience about 15% of stroke cases but possesses the highest mortality rate. It is caused by the
Publishing remains neutral with rupture of cranial blood vessels due to prolonged stress, along with both internal and
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional external injuries, leading to hemorrhage and blood loss. Hemorrhagic stroke is further
affiliations. classified into two types: intracerebral, caused by ruptured blood vessels due to increased

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/an.5582