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Advanced Neurology Exercise modulated Vitamin D and HDL in epilepsy

A

B

Figure 4. Histological assessment of dark neurons across different experimental groups. (A) Light-microscopic photos of toluidine blue staining in the
cornu ammonis (CA)1, CA3, and cortex areas. Scale bar: 20 μm, magnification: 40×. (B) The bar graphs indicate the mean number of dark neurons in the
experimental groups. The area of each field was calculated, after which all dark neurons within the defined area were counted. The number of dark neurons
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per 1 mm was then determined.
Notes: * and *** indicate p<0.05 and p<0.01 compared to sham group, respectively; XXX indicates p<0.001 compared to PTZ group.
Abbreviations: CA: Cornu ammonis; EX: Exercise; PTZ: Pentylenetetrazole.
assess the overall health of epilepsy patients and adjust 40%. An extensive retrospective study of 524 individuals
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treatment plans accordingly. found evidence of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with
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For all the aforementioned reasons, exercise is suggested epilepsy. Similarly, a comprehensive cross-sectional study
as a highly beneficial strategy for the effective management involving 244 epileptic children living in tropical regions
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of epilepsy. Exercise can regulate lipid metabolism, demonstrated a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency.
improve cardiovascular health, and support overall well- It is important to note that Vitamin D deficiency has also
being. Incorporating exercise as part of a comprehensive been identified as one of the side effects of antiepileptic
treatment plan may significantly enhance the quality of life drugs, with long-term treatment using carbamazepine and
for individuals with epilepsy and serve as a cost-effective valproate shown to decrease Vitamin D levels in epileptic
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adjunct to pharmacological interventions. 26,27 patients. Although the mechanistic pathway was not
investigated in our study, Vitamin D has been suggested to
4.2. Exercise improved Vitamin D deficiency play a critical role in lipid metabolism. It has been reported
Our findings show that exercise increased serum Vitamin that Vitamin D supplementation reduces total cholesterol
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D levels in both epileptic and non-epileptic rats. Previous and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels. For example,
research has reported an association between epilepsy and a trial reported that administering 50,000 IU of Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency. In a study involving 13 patients improved lipid and insulin metabolism in infertile women.
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with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, intake of Vitamin D was Another study showed a high ratio of triglycerides to HDL
3
associated with a reduction in seizure frequency of up to in obese children with low Vitamin D levels compared
Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 82 doi: 10.36922/an.8347