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NIHSS ≥8 (5), blood hypertension (3), age ≥75 years (2), age 65 – 74 years (1), cortical and/ or subcortical brain infarcts (1), posterior brain infarcts (1), LAE (1), and vascular disease (CAD CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc 0.671 (0.559 – 0.771), BROWN ESUS-AF 0.642 (0.528 – 0.745), AS5F 0.618 (0.504 – 0.723), STAF 0.613 (0.499 – 0.719), and

Grifoni et al. [17] Retrospective Multivariate regression 14-day NIEM and/or PAD)(1) 0.746 (0.638 – 0.836) LADS 0.548 (0.434 – 0.658)

E 2 AF 82 72±10 43.9% Any 0 – 14

Pool data of all consecutive ESUS patients registered in three prospective stroke registries ECG performed for any reason during a 1-year Age ≥60 years (3), blood hypertension (2), any supraventricular extrasystole (1), left ventricular hypertrophy (−1), subcortical brain infarcts (−2), and non-stenotic carotid plaque (−3)

AF‑ESUS Ntaios et al. [16] Multivariate regression 839 67 (54 – 77) follow-up 14.9% Any −6 – +6 0.84 (0.79 – 0.86) / Abbreviations: AF: Atrial fibrillation; APs: Antiplatelets; AUC: Area under the curve; BMI: Body mass index; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CHA2DS2-- VASc: Congestive heart failure, blood hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, prior TIA/stroke/systemic embolism, vascular disease, age 65

BROWN AF‑ESUS Ricci et al. [15] Prospective Multivariate regression 296 With AF: 72±11/without AF: 62.7±14.9 Post-discharge 30-day NIEM and IEM 12.8% >30 s Age≥75 years (2), age 65 – 74 years (1), and moderate-severe LAE (2) 0 – 4 0.726 (NR) /

Table 1. (Continued) Score acronym Study Study design Statistic method for defining AF predictors Sample size (patient number) Age (mean±SD or median [IQR]) Methodology for AF diagnosis AF detection rate Episode duration for AF diagnosis Score variables (point) Score range Score AUC (95% CI) Comparator AUC (95% CI)

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.0955