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Brain & Heart

REVIEW ARTICLE
Oxidative stress and neurological disorders:

Therapeutic strategies and pharmacological
intervention

Nikhila Khola , Kareena Moar , and Pawan K. Maurya*
†
†
Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of
Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cerebral biochemical dysfunction,
contributing to the increased sensitivity of the central nervous system to reactive
oxygen species (ROS)-mediated injury. It is characterized by an imbalance between
the production of ROS and the antioxidant capacity of the cell, which results in a
variety of pathological disorders and diseases, including neurological conditions
such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and
anxiety. In this review, we delve into the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative
disorders. We conducted a comprehensive search across various databases, including
Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, with a focus on literature published
within the past decade. Our search utilized terms such as “oxidative stress and
†These authors contributed equally neurological disorders,” “pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders,”
to the work “oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological disorders,” and “free radicals and
neurological disorders. Our aim was to elucidate the relationship between oxidative
*Corresponding author:
Pawan Kumar Maurya stress and neurological disorders, as well as to summarize available therapies and
(pkmaurya@cuh.ac.in) pharmacological interventions for these conditions.
Citation: Khola N, Moar K,
Maurya PK. Oxidative stress and
neurological disorders: Therapeutic Keywords: Oxidative stress; Neurological disorder; Reactive oxygen species;
strategies and pharmacological Pharmacological interventions; Therapy
intervention. Brain & Heart.
2024;2(2):2704.
doi: 10.36922/bh.2704
Received: January 10, 2024 1. Introduction
Accepted: March 20, 2024 Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production and accumulation
Published Online: May 14, 2024 of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues, where pro-oxidants outnumber
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). antioxidants. Initially, it was believed that ROS, comprising reactive molecules and free
This is an Open-Access article radicals originating from molecular oxygen, were released solely from mitochondrial
distributed under the terms of the metabolism. However, further research has revealed that cellular enzymes, such
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, also contribute to ROS
and reproduction in any medium, production in humans. 1
provided the original work is
properly cited. When ROS levels rise, they can cause irreparable damage to biological molecules,
2
Publisher’s Note: AccScience resulting in cell dysfunction and, in severe cases, cell death. Oxidative stress is
Publishing remains neutral with implicated in numerous age-related disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular,
regard to jurisdictional claims in 3
published maps and institutional and neurological disorders. Oxidative stress is mainly the disturbance of homeostasis
affiliations. inside the environment of the cell. Neurological disorders are particularly notable due

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/bh.2704