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Brain & Heart Oxidative stress and neurological disorders
role, and distribution throughout the body remains 5. Factors affecting oxidative stress
incomplete. Given the limited information available
about sigma-2 receptors, further studies and research are 5.1. Aging
warranted to elucidate their role in cellular processes and Aging represents a progressive physiological change in
potential therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative organisms, leading to a decline in biological activities.
disorders (Figure 2). According to free radical theory, aging cells exhibit
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Figure 1. The alteration in metabolic pathways induced by oxidative stress across synapses.
Abbreviations: ARE: Antioxidant response enzymes; GPX: Glutathione peroxidase; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; SOD: Superoxide
dismutase; Ub: Ubiquitin.
Figure 2. Various factors responsible for neurodegeneration.
Abbreviations: GPX: Glutathione peroxidase; GSH: Glutathione; LPO: Lipid peroxidation; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; ROS: Reactive oxygen species;
SOD: Superoxide dismutase.
Volume 2 Issue 2 (2024) 4 doi: 10.36922/bh.2704
