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Brain & Heart

REVIEW ARTICLE
Beyond the gut: Exploring neurological

manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease

Manjeet Kumar Goyal * , Shivam Kalra 2 , Abhinav Rao 2 ,
1
Manisha Khubber 3 , Abhinav Gupta 3 , and Ashita Rukmini Vuthaluru 4
1 Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Trident Medical Center, North Charleston, South Carolina, United
States of America
3 Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
4 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi,
India

Abstract

Neurological manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s
disease and ulcerative colitis, are increasingly recognized as significant contributors
to both disease burden and patient morbidity. This comprehensive review delves
into the spectrum of neurological complications linked with IBD, highlighting the
involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neurological
impairments range from more common conditions such as peripheral neuropathy,
characterized by nerve damage leading to pain and numbness, and cerebrovascular
*Corresponding author:
Manjeet Kumar Goyal diseases, which include strokes and transient ischemic attacks, to less frequent
(manjeetgoyal@gmail.com) but intensely severe conditions such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis,
Citation: Goyal MK, Kalra S, Rao A, which involve the immune system attacking components of the nervous system.
Khubber M, Gupta A, Vuthaluru The complex pathophysiology underlying these manifestations integrates various
AR. Beyond the gut: Exploring factors including immune-mediated responses, vascular abnormalities such as
neurological manifestations in thromboembolism, nutritional deficiencies often exacerbated by malabsorption
inflammatory bowel disease.
Brain & Heart. 2024;2(4):3486. and chronic inflammation, and the adverse effects elicited by IBD medications
doi: 10.36922/bh.3486 such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators. This review underscores the
Received: April 24, 2024 importance of adopting a multidisciplinary management approach. By integrating
the expertise of gastroenterologists with that of neurologists, rheumatologists,
Accepted: September 27, 2024
and other specialists, patient outcomes can be significantly optimized. Further
Published Online: October 30, emphasis is placed on the necessity for heightened clinical awareness and the
2024 implementation of early diagnostic interventions to effectively identify and
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). mitigate the neurological complications associated with IBD. In conclusion,
This is an Open Access article ongoing research aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms that connect
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution IBD with neurological disorders is imperative to facilitate the development of
License, permitting distribution, more effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these challenging
and reproduction in any medium, complications.
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis; Neurological
Publishing remains neutral with complications; Immune-mediated mechanisms; Vascular abnormalities; Nutritional
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional deficiencies; Medication adverse effects
affiliations.

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/bh.3486