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Brain & Heart Dementia and the heart

for signs of heart disease in patients with Alzheimer’s Investigation: Ram B. Singh, M. A. Niaz
disease. 20,21 Comorbid conditions are often associated Methodology: Ram B. Singh
with poorer outcomes and may complicate management Writing – original draft: Ram B. Singh, M. A. Niaz
strategies. 22-25 The association between dementia and heart Writing – review & editing: All authors
disease is multifaceted, depending on many factors such as
Mediterranean or Western dietary patterns and lifestyle. 29-31 Ethics approval and consent to participate
Interestingly, evidence indicates a 45% increased risk of All subjects gave informed consent for participation in the
dementia in patients with CAD. Among subjects aged study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of
65 years and older, the coexistence of CAD and dementia the Halberg Hospital and Research Institute (Approval No:
is relatively common, and these individuals represent a key 2007 – 003).
group with prevalent comorbidities that require integrated
care approaches. 26 Consent for publication
Nonetheless, several limitations remain in this study. All the subjects gave informed written consent to publish
As it was a population-based study, it was not possible to their data.
perform coronary angiography on participants. Computed
tomography was conducted in only three cases, all of whom Availability of data
had Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the results provide only Data used in this work is available from the corresponding
supportive evidence for the hypothesis that dementia may author upon reasonable request.
predispose individuals to CAD.
References
5. Conclusion
1. Biswas T, Townsend N, Gupta RD, et al. Clustering of
In brief, the results indicate that dementia may be an metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular
associated risk factor for CAD in both men and women. diseases among the adult population in South and Southeast
DM, sedentary behavior, and tobacco consumption Asia: Findings from WHO STEPS data. Lancet Reg Health
were also found to be significant risk factors for CAD. Southeast Asia. 2023;12:100164.
Alcoholism emerged as a risk factor for CAD among men doi: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100164
but not women, likely due to cultural differences. However,
these results are primarily hypothesis-generating rather 2. World Health Organization. Dementia; 2023. Available
https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/
from:
than definitive and require further validation through dementia [Last accessed on 2025 Jan 01].
larger, prospective studies.
3. World Health Organization. Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle
Acknowledgments Helps Reduce the Risk of Dementia. Available from: https://
www.who.int/news/room/detail/14/05/2019/adopting/a/
None. healthy/lifestyle-helps-reduce-the-risk-of-dementia [Last
accessed on 2025 Jan 01].
Funding
4. Livingston, G, Huntley J, Liu KY et al. Dementia prevention,
Sandoz Foundation of Gerontological Research, Australia intervention, and care: 2024 report of the lancet standing
(Grant No.: 2007-1). commission. Lancet. 2024;404(10452):572-628.

Conflict of interest doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0
5. Singh RB, Watanabe S, Li D, et al. Diet and lifestyle guidelines
Ram B. Singh is an Editorial Board Member of this and desirable levels of risk factors and protective factors for
journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial prevention of dementia: A scientific statement from joint
and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly symposium of JAAS and APCNS. Biomed Sci Tech Res.
or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they 2019;17:12844-12864.
have no known competing financial interests or personal doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.17.003006
relationships that could have influenced the work reported
in this paper. 6. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C,
Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the
Author contributions development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol.
2018;17:122.
Conceptualization: Ram B. Singh
Data curation: Ram B. Singh doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4
Formal analysis: Ram B. Singh, M. A. Niaz 7. Affuso F, Micillo F, Fazio S. Insulin resistance, a risk factor

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/bh.8426