Page 84 - EJMO-9-1

Eurasian Journal of Medicine
and Oncology

REVIEW ARTICLE
Polymorphisms in insulin regulation and

type 2 diabetes: A narrative review of risk and
management in Asian populations

Farizky Martriano Humardani 1 , Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra 2 ,
Ratih Asmana Ningrum 3 , I. Wayan Arsana Wiyasa 4 ,
1
Lisa Thalia Mulyanata 5 , Risma Ikawaty 5 , and Agustina Tri Endharti *
1 Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang,
East Java, Indonesia
2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut,
Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
3 Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong,
Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang,
East Java, Indonesia
5 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut,
Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: Abstract
Agustina Tri Endharti
(tinapermana.fk@ub.ac.id) The scientific literature extensively discusses the role of single nucleotide
Citation: Humardani FM, polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the specific
Putra SED, Ningrum RA, et al. mechanisms linking SNPs to T2D remain incompletely understood. Historically, the
Polymorphisms in insulin regulation development of T2D has been attributed to insulin resistance and dysfunction in
and type 2 diabetes: A narrative
review of risk and management in insulin secretion. The primary aim of this review is to assess the risk of T2D based
Asian populations. Eurasian J Med on its pathophysiology through genetic analysis, with a particular focus on Asian
Oncol. 2025;9(1):76-91. populations, given the ethnic variability in SNPs, and to propose personalized
doi: 10.36922/ejmo.7549
therapeutic strategies. This review identified SNPs involved in insulin regulation,
Received: December 14, 2024 including those related to insulin synthesis and secretion, insulin degradation,
Revised: January 17, 2025 peripheral insulin sensitivity, and circadian rhythms. Furthermore, SNPs influencing
the response to T2D medications, including biguanides, thiazolidinediones, non-
Accepted: February 6, 2025
sulfonylurea secretagogues, and sulfonylureas have been identified. Identification
Published online: February 25, of SNPs associated with T2D risk and drug responses suggests that genetic
2025 screening could play a key role in both prevention and treatment, offering
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). personalized strategies based on an individual’s genetic profile. Moreover, early
This is an Open-Access article identification of SNPs before disease manifestation presents an opportunity for
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution prevention, as epigenetic factors influenced by lifestyle changes may alter disease
License, permitting distribution, risk. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms linking SNPs
and reproduction in any medium, to T2D and to develop personalized therapies, with a particular focus on Asian
provided the original work is
properly cited. populations.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with Keywords: Insulin regulation; Risk assessment; Precision medicine; Single nucleotide
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional polymorphisms; Type 2 diabetes
affiliations.

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2025) 76 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.7549