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Eurasian Journal of
Medicine and Oncology Progress in the research of pathology and therapy in liver fibrosis

Figure 3. Selected clinical therapeutic management for liver fibrosis. The main causes of chronic liver disease include hepatitis virus infection, metabolism-
associated hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Etiological treatment remains the conventional therapeutic intervention for liver fibrosis. At present,
sorafenib and PFD are widely used in clinical practice. Targeted molecular pathways and small-molecule drug delivery systems have been developed
as novel pathophysiology-oriented therapies. Moreover, traditional Chinese medicine-based herbal therapies have identified promising anti-fibrotic
therapeutic targets.
Abbreviations: FXR: Farnesoid-X receptor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; HSC: Hepatic stellate cell.

RNA expression of profibrotic factors and the acceleration with further experiments demonstrating that it inhibited
of LX-2 cell apoptosis. In addition, cell division cycle HSC activation through the downregulation of the JAK1/
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42 and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 may be STAT3 signaling pathway. In summary, the active herbal
the curative targets, whereas SMAD2, epidermal growth compound-target protein-signaling pathway network
factor receptor, AKT1, Ras homolog family member A, and developed through pharmacological analysis provides a
growth arrest-specific 5 might influence the anti-fibrotic novel strategy for researchers to systematically explore the
effects of Huangqi decoction in cirrhosis patients with HBV mechanisms of TCM in treating liver fibrosis (Figure 3).
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infection. The introduction of network pharmacology has
advanced research in this field to a new stage. Based on the 4. Conclusion
pharmacological network analysis of Xiaoyaosan decoction Liver fibrosis is one of the leading diseases that threatens
(XYS), 108 active components and 42 targets constituted both individual physical health and social well-being.
a multi-compound-target network. Furthermore, in vitro With advancements in the understanding of the molecular
and in vivo studies verified that the TGF-β1/Smad and pathophysiology of liver disease, significant progress has
Akt/forkhead box transcription factors class O signaling been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms
pathways are two pivotal signaling pathways in the underlying liver fibrosis progression and developing
protective mechanism of XYS against liver fibrosis. Lu non-invasive methods to assess stages of fibrosis. While
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et al. identified dynamic network biomarkers in patients experimental studies on anti-fibrotic therapies have
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with chronic liver disease and suggested that EGFR, CCAAT increased at a remarkable pace, the research progress of
enhancer binding protein alpha, colony-stimulating factor clinical treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis has been
1, and interleukin-7 receptor serve as core diagnostic relatively slower. Many therapeutic strategies remain in the
markers for distinguishing pre-cirrhosis from post-cirrhosis pre-clinical phase due to physicochemical limitations that
stages and could be potential therapeutic targets of XYS could hinder their effectiveness in clinical trials.
treatment in cirrhosis. Among 17 anti-fibrotic intersection Targeted drug delivery systems address the shortcomings
targets, emodin-induced HSC apoptosis to alleviate CCl4- of the mono-agent anti-liver fibrosis therapies, such as low
induced liver fibrosis through the p53/ERK/p38 axis by bioavailability, weak specificity, and poor drug accumulation
directly binding to targeted residue sites, such as ASN345, at injured organ sites. Therefore, there is an urgent
GLN331, and TYR347. In the pharmacological analysis need to develop safe and effective liver-specific targeted
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of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 71 active compounds, 342 potential delivery systems for anti-fibrotic drugs. HSC membrane
target proteins, and 22 signaling pathways were identified, receptor-active targeting combined with drug delivery is

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2025) 11 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.8125