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Global Health Econ Sustain Latin American Liberal migration policies

In the attempt to elucidate the relatively independent document states: “As multi-polarity deepens, such as aid,
nature of the “liberal tide” from the left-right cleavage, trade, and capital flows, migration is no longer a North-
this paper delves into an analysis of migratory patterns. It South concern and debate only. Countries of the South are
explores historical positive representations of migration, the origin for about 70% of all international migrants. Of
forms of inter-regional migration, and the position these roughly half reside in other developing countries.
occupied by the region’s countries in the global landscape South-South migration flows are equivalent to North-South
over the past 50 years. These roles encompass acting as both migration (close to 73 million each) and size of North-North
destinations and origins for regional and intercontinental is also gaining momentum.” 7
migration. Despite its frequent oversight, it is important to In the most current data available, as of mid-2020,
note that migratory processes are reversible. Countries once with an update in January 2021, the global count
favored as immigration destinations can transition into of international migrants stands at 280.6 million
emigration sources, and nations with a historical emigrant individuals. Within this context, Europe and Asia each
tradition can evolve into net recipient nations. Late in the hosted around 87 million and 86 million international
twentieth century, Latin America shifted from being a migrants, respectively — comprising 61% of the global
focal point of attraction for immigrants from Europe, Asia, international migrant population. Following these two
and the Middle East to becoming a significant origin of regions, North America accommodates almost 59 million
migrants in both interregional migration and transoceanic international migrants, constituting 21% of the global
migration (Europe and Japan). We argue that this dual migrant population. Africa houses around 25 million,
experience plays a role in the adoption of human rights- which accounts for 9% of the global migrant population.
based liberal migratory policies. Latin America and the Caribbean, combined, account
2. Global migration and the “liberal for nearly 15 million migrants, with South America
paradox” hosting 10.9 million, Central America 2.3 million, and
the Caribbean 1.6 million, collectively representing 5% of
During the early 1990s, two eminent scholars, Steven the global migrant population. Lastly, Oceania is home to
Castles and Marx Miller, authored a book titled “The Age around 9.4 million migrants, contributing 3% to the global
of Migration” (Castles & Miller, 1993). In this seminal migrant population. 8
work, they delineated the concepts of “globalization” —
as they defined it, refers to the tendency to affect an Despite the importance of South-South migration,
increasing number of countries all over the world — dominant media and political narratives concerning
and “acceleration” — pertains to the increased number migration often disregard this aspect, instead focusing
of individuals engaged in migration — as two specific on migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers, who attempt
trends characterizing contemporary international to reach Europe and the USA irregularly. Joseph Teye,
migration in respect to past experiences. Two other the director of the Centre for Migration Studies at the
trends characterize the “age of migration.” The first is University of Ghana and co-director of MIDEQ (Migration
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“differentiation,” which corresponds to the increment in for Development and Equality), underscores this oversight
10
the types of migration that affect each nation. The second in an interview with the New Humanitarian : “Usually,
is “feminization,” reflecting the increased proportion of the narrative suggests an exodus from the Global South to
women participating in migratory movements (Castles the Global North. If you look at most of the countries in the
& Miller, 1993). As globalization refers to a trend and Global South, most migrants move inter-regionally. They
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process, namely, the growth of transplanetary connections do not move to the Global North. (…) More people migrate
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between people, migration is one of the most visible and within the Global South (around 37% of all migrants) than
significant aspects.
7 https://www.un.org/en/desa/high-level-expert-policy-
Encompassing virtually every country in the world, dialogue-migration-post-2015-development-agenda
migration has become increasingly “multidirectional” 8 https://www.migrationdataportal.org/international-
andcomplex (Hollifield, 1998). As a 2013 United Nations data?i=stock_abs_&t=2020&m=1
9 A hub of around 90 researchers. They study movement
6 See also, Alvarez, C. (1997), Reviewed Work: The Age along six migration corridors between 12 countries in
of Migration: International Population Movements the Global South—one of the few research projects in
in the Modern World by Stephen Castles and the world dedicated to studying South-South migration.
Mark J. Miller. Political Psychology. Vol. 18, No. 1 10 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/interview/2021/7/8/
(Mar., 1997), pp. 205-208 (4 pages). Published By: why-south-south-migration-has-long-been-overlooked
International Society of Political Psychology. https:// 11 https://gmdac.iom.int/gmdac-migfacts-international-
www.jstor.org/stable/3791997 migration

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0861