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Global Health Econ Sustain Weber and Martineau: Bias in sociological method

its economic, demographic, and geographical foundations, the knowledge production in the field of physical education
the “degree of civilization,” which pertains to the level of will enable (1) a historical recognition of women who have
freedom and equality among its members, particularly contributed to sociological methodology, (2) a comparison
women. In addition, it involves analyzing class structures, of actions and practices from various perspectives, and
systems of values, and customs, while also examining (3) the expansion of knowledge in the realm of sociology
aspects such as culture, religion, and their implications of physical education and sports. Thus, with this present
(Campos & Daflon, 2023). In this sense, from an academic study, it is expected that researchers in arts, sociology,
point of view, the inclusion of Martineau’s work can be and, specifically, physical education, who employ research
applied in sociological theory and sociological research methods from the social sciences, particularly the
methods, as well as, the feminist tradition in sociology. typological method, field diary observations, and interviews,
Studies conducted by Martineau are still being discovered can appropriate what was previously produced before Max
nowadays and provide insightfully articulated possibilities Weber. Furthermore, it is desired that the understanding
with the principles and methods of empirical social of these concepts, facts, and arguments allows for the
research (Hill & Hoecker-Drysdale, 2001). consideration of including the methodological procedures
suggested by Harriet Martineau in their investigative
4. Final considerations routines of an observational nature.
The present study aimed to address the knowledge Acknowledgments
production of two sociological figures and how such
production could relate to physical education and sports. None.
While Max Weber’s work is already closely related to this
field (Amstel & Marchi Jr., 2021), Harriet Martineau’s Funding
extensive methodological contributions remained relatively None.
unknown, likely due to gender bias. Consequently, the study
faces some epistemological limitations. First, it involves the Conflict of interest
decomposition and analysis of Martineau’s entire body of The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
work, which has been subject to study in various knowledge
areas. Second, it pertains to the process of bridging Author contributions
Martineau’s contributions with physical education, as her
work has yet to receive adequate recognition and has not Conceptualization: Fabricio Del Vecchio
been widely utilized in this field, despite rational evidence Investigation: All authors
of its plausibility. The third limitation concerns the need for Methodology: Fabricio Del Vecchio
empirical verification of the validity of these procedures in Formal analysis: Erlene Barbosa, Rodrigo Cantu
data collection and analysis within the sociology of sports. Writing – original draft: Fabricio Del Vecchio
Writing – review and editing: All authors
Nevertheless, this study contributes to the deconstruction
of a sociological canon that is evidently dominated by male Ethics approval and consent to participate
perspectives, despite women making significant contributions Not applicable.
to sociology, including the study of sports. This perspective
highlights the importance of exploring and acknowledging Consent for publication
the valuable insights brought forth by female scholars in the
field of physical education and sports sociology. To Martineau, Not applicable.
social change arises from the tension between shared Availability of data
understandings and the practices, patterns, and institutions
that humans create (Campos & Daflon, 2023). In this sense, Not applicable.
How to Observe: Morals and Manners is a precedent-setting
work of theory and, before Karl Marx, and decades before References
Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, Martineau sociologically Alcantara, F.H.C. (2020). Os clássicos no cotidiano (2ª ed.).
examined social class, forms of religions, national character, Governador Valadares: Ed do Autor.
and the intricate interrelationships between repressive social Amstel, N.A., & Marchi Jr., W. (2021). Max Weber’s possible
institutions and the individual. contributions to a sociology of sport. Em Tese, 18(1), 505-522.
Likely, the utilization of the methodological procedures Betti, M. (1996). For a theory of practice. Motus Corporis, 3(2),
proposed by both authors and their comparison throughout 73-127.

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2023) 8 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0992