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Global Health Econ Sustain Quantum Data Lake for epidemic analysis

Figure 1. The Data Lake architecture and epidemiology data complexity.

established based on articles from NCBI, PubMed, and warts [i.e., condyloma acuminata, verruca vulgaris and
ScienceDirect. planae, and Myrmecia]). HPVs are characterized by
Data on DNA viruses with symptoms and diseases are asymptomatic presence on normal skin. More than 200
examples of epidemiology data complexity. The common HPVs have been identified, and the classification of HPVs
DNA viruses that infect humans include the following eight by genera is presented in Figure S3. Parvoviruses cause
a variety of diseases, ranging from glomerulonephritis
families: Herpesviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, and hepatitis to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Adeno-
Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Poxviridae, associated dependoparvoviruses are used as vectors for
and Adenoviridae (Table 1). gene therapy. Cycloviruses of the Circoviridae family
2.2. Brief description of diseases caused by DNA were identified in patients with non-polio acute flaccid
viruses and data ontology paralysis and paraplegia patients, and both Cyclovirus
and Circovirus have an asymptomatic presence in the
The detailed ontology with symptoms and diseases is stool. Among the Hepadnaviridae family, the hepatitis
displayed in Tables 2-10 and Figures S1-S9. Herpesviruses B virus is one of the species contagious to humans. The
are characterized by long-term persistence in the WHO confirmed in 2019 that 296 million people have
human body, maintaining a latent state within the host’s been infected with the hepatitis B virus, and they are living
cell. Herpesviruses cause genital herpes, infectious with chronic hepatitis B infection. Over 1.5 million new
mononucleosis, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and Kaposi’s hepatitis B cases are reported annually (https://www.who.
sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b). The variola
Polyomaviruses can maintain an asymptomatic presence virus (variola major and variola minor, family Poxviridae,
or, in some cases, induce a broad range of tumor types, genus Orthopoxvirus) causes the particularly dangerous,
including Merkel cell carcinoma and central nervous system deadly smallpox infection. The WHO confirmed the
neoplasms. Similarly, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are global eradication of smallpox in 1980. In 2022, the WHO
oncogenic, and they can induce different types of tumors (e.g., reported that the new outbreak of monkeypox, which is less
cervix, ovarian, breast, skin, and lung cancer) and conditions contagious than smallpox and causes less severe illness, has
(e.g., papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and expanded to 115 countries (https://www.who.int/news-

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2024) 3 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.2148