Page 202 - GHES-3-1

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Outsourcing last-mile delivery

Ethics approval and consent to participate Etokudoh, E.P., Boolaky, M., & Gungaphul, M. (2017). Third
party logistics outsourcing: An exploratory study of the oil
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Malaysia and gas industry in Nigeria. SAGE Open, 7(4).
University of Science and Technology approved the study.
In addition, written consent was obtained from all those https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017735566
who had accepted to be interviewed. Giri, B.C., & Sarker, B.R. (2017). Improving performance by
coordinating a supply chain with third party logistics
Consent for publication outsourcing under production disruption. Computers and
Industrial Engineering, 103:168-177.
The participants in the study were verbally informed that
their responses would be published in a journal, and a “no https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.11.022
objection” to that is required before proceeding. Gong, F., Kung, D.S., & Zeng, T. (2018). The impact of different
contract structures on IT investment in logistics outsourcing.
Availability of data International Journal of Production Economics, 195:158-167.
The data used in this study were provided by the staff at the https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.10.009
Drugs and Hospital Consumables Management Agency, Gwala, S.A. (2019). Challenges Experienced when Outsourcing
Minna, Niger State.
Logistics in South Africa: A Case of Lolli Supermarkets.
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Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 194 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4714