Page 199 - GHES-3-1

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Outsourcing last-mile delivery

Table 5 demonstrates the evaluation of the 15 managers/ • Using 3PL in outsourcing
supervisors interviewed. Their estimation showed the following: • Lower cost of last-mile delivery using 3PL than last-
• The practice of outsourcing management of last-mile mile delivery without 3PL
delivery operations • Last-mile delivery estimated lead time of about 24 h
for the farthest distance
Table 5. Objective 3: 3PL services and end-user customer • High frequency of timely delivery with 3PL
satisfaction
• High level of customer satisfaction with last-mile
Propositions Responses Number Percentage delivery using 3PL providers.
Health-care workers in Strongly agree 15 30
supported health facilities Agree 35 70 3.2. Results of preliminary data analysis
emphasize 3PL service
delivery Disagree The following results were revealed.
Strongly disagree 1. Of respondents, 70.0% agreed that in each of their
Total 50 100 1,500 implementations of 3PL for last-mile delivery
Patients and their families Strongly agree 20 40 of essential medicines, delivery costs were reduced
prefer essential medicine Agree 10 20 by 23% from the Niger State Drug and Hospital
delivery through 3PL Consumables Management Agency, Minna, Niger
services for faster response Disagree 10 20 State
Strongly disagree 10 20 2. An average of 77.0% of respondents agreed that their
Total 50 100
1,500 uses of 3PL for last-mile delivery of essential
Patients expressed Strongly agree 35 70 medicines resulted in 80 timely (same-day) delivery
satisfaction with the Agree times across the state. Deliveries without 3PL averaged
delivery of essential
medicines by 3PL Disagree 10 20 three days for last-mile delivery
providers Strongly disagree 5 10 3. An average of 77.0% of respondents agreed that using
Total 50 100 3PL to deliver essential medicines yielded 160 end-
Source: Field survey, 2022. user customer satisfaction for 120 health-care officers/
Abbreviation: 3PL: Third-party logistics. workers.
Table 6. Analysis of interview data
Variables handled during the interview Average data Survey data
Number of times the organization used 3,000 p.a
outsourcing p.a
Number of times the organization used 1,500 An average of 74.7% of the respondents
3PL p.a supported the interview data.
Cost of last-mile delivery without 3PL N12.8 p.a
Cost of last-mile delivery using 3PL N9.86 p.a An average of 70.0% of
respondent-supported interview data.
Estimated time of last-mile delivery Within 24 h
using 3PL to the farthest distance
Estimated time of last-mile delivery 5 days An average of 77.0% of
without 3PL to the farthest distance respondent-supported interview data.
Number of timely deliveries using 3PL 80 An average of 77.0% of
for last-mile delivery respondent-supported interview data.
Number of customer-end-user 160 p.a An average of 77.0% of
satisfaction p.a respondent-supported interview data.
Number of times hospital pharmacists/ 120 An average of 77.0% of respondents
HCW requested the NSDHCMA p.a agreed.
Operational benefits of 3PL last-mile Safety of essential medicines=8; security of essential An average of 74.0% of respondents
delivery medicines=8; speed of delivery=10; zero distractions; agreed.
ability to maneuver constraints
Source: Interview, 2022.
Abbreviations: 3PL: Third-party logistics; HCW: Healthcare worker; NSDHCMA: Niger state drugs and hospital consumables management agency.

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 191 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4714