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Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Model designs for recovery from addiction

use and treatment, especially the influence of social and Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice. UK: Routledge,
cultural factors on individuals’ recovery process (Molina- p.177-193.
Fernández, 2023). Best, D., Bliuc, A.M., Iqbal, M., Upton, K., & Hodgkins, S.
(2017). Mapping social identity change in online networks
Acknowledgments of addiction recovery. Addiction Research and Theory,
The author wishes to thank T.C. San Patrignano, Triple 26(3):163-173.
R project partners, as well as Mirjana Vojinović, Darko https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1347258
Condic, and Sinisa Panic for their collaboration during the Best, D., Vanderplasschen, W., & Nisic, M. (2020). Measuring
project. capital in active addiction and recovery: The development of
the strengths and barriers recovery scale (SABRS). Substance
Funding Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 15(1), 40.
Funding for this study was provided by “HOME/2014/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00281-7
JDRU/AG/DRUG/7092 Triple R: Rehabilitation for
Recovery and Reinsertion project.” Triple R Project was Boyle, M., & Johnstone, L. (2014). Alternatives to psychiatric
diagnosis. Lancet Psychiatry, 1(6), 409–411.
funded with the support of the European Commission.
This publication reflects only the views of the author, and https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70359-1
the European Commission is not liable of the information EMCDDA (Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las
contained therein. European Commission had no role in Toxicomanías). (2017). Respuestas Sanitarias y Sociales a
the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of Los Problemas Relacionados Con Las Drogas: Una Guía
the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit Europea. Luxemburgo: Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión
the paper for publication. Europea.
Granfield, R., & Cloud, W. (2001). Social context and “natural
Conflict of interest recovery”: The role of social capital in the resolution of

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. drug-associated problems. Substance Use and Misuse,
36(11):1543-1570.
Author contributions https://doi.org/10.1081/ja-100106963
Conceptualization: Antonio Jesús Molina Fernández Groshkova, T., Best, D., & White, W. (2013). The assessment of
Writing – original draft: All authors recovery capital: Properties and psychometrics of a measure
Writing – review & editing: All authors of addiction recovery strengths. Drug and Alcohol Review,
32(2):187-194.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00489.x
This study received approval from the UCM Deontological Hall, W., Carter, A., & Forlini, C. (2015). The brain disease model of
Research Commission (ethical approved project addiction: Is it supported by the evidence and has it delivered
identification code is UCM PR2019_20_043). on its promises? The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(1):105-110.

Consent for publication https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00126-6
Not applicable. Laespada, T., & Iraurgi, I. (2009). Reducción De Daños: Lo
Aprendido De La Heroína. Deusto: Universidad de Deusto.
Availability of data Leamy, M., Bird, V., Le Boutillier, C., Williams, J., & Slade, M.
Not applicable. (2011). Conceptual framework for personal recovery in
mental health: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.
References The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental
Science, 199(6):445-452.
Barzanti, M., Blixt, C., Carrena, S., DiRenzo, M., Franzen, A., &
Molina, A. (2017). Triple R Handbook on Social Reintegration https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083733
of Recovered Drug Users. Rimini: EU/San Patrignano. MacGregor, S. (2012). Addiction recovery: A movement
for social change and personal growth in the UK, by
Best, D. (2012). Addiction Recovery: A Movement for Personal
Change and Social Growth in the UK. Pavilion: Brighton. David Best, Brighton. Drugs: Education, Prevention and
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Best, D., & Aston, E. (2015). Long term recovery from addiction:
Criminal justice involvement and positive criminology? https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2012.692594
In: Ronel, N., & Segev, D., (eds.), Positive Criminology: Milkman, H. & Wanberg, K. (2012). Pathways to Self-Discovery

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