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Gene & Protein in Disease Bangladesh genetic disease database

data, regional distribution, and mutation profiling are still Moreover, the curriculum for a primary medical degree
unknown [120] . In addition, the number of people diagnosed (MBBS) does not cover adequate knowledge in genetics,
with genetic diseases, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity so medical professionals in rural areas may have limited
disorder, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter knowledge and access to the new technologies for detecting
syndrome, increases [120] . Besides, nearly eight in 1000 live a genetic disease . A genetic disease database should also
[10]
births in this country suffer from congenital heart defects . contain all the possible symptoms of the diseases. The
[7]
information regarding the possible diagnosis procedures
3. The reasons for constructing a human should be added as well. The health-care system faces
genetic disease database in Bangladesh different problems while managing inherited diseases
because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the clinical
Along with the technological advancement in disease data. Establishing a genetic disease database will allow
identification, distinguishing and reserving the genomic extensive access to all the related features of the disease and
variation such as mutations in different parts of the genetic mutation data that will be beneficial for the precise
genome are of great help to control and manage the adverse diagnosis and treatment of patients with genetic diseases.
outcomes of any specific diseases. All genomic data must These genetic disease databases serve as a platform to
be deposited in a particular location. That is why different educate health-care professionals, scientists, patients, and
genetic databases have already been constructed, such as the common people of Bangladesh about different genetic
Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man (OMIM), Human diseases and the available treatments.
Gene Mutation Database, and Locus-Specific Databases.
Genetic databases gather the molecular genetic data, Moreover, South Asia has the most ethnically diverse
standardized clinical data, and data regarding associated population and therefore significant genetic variability
factors of an individual for the interpretation of gene compared to the other parts of the world [113] . Comparing
function, the identification of genes that are mostly present the clinical features of South Asian people with those in
in a specific community, and the differentiation from other the databases of other countries can lead to a false-positive
communities to estimate the underlying cause of genetic or -negative result because of incompatible mutation
disease [121] . The broad spectrum of genetic diversity among patterns. Thus, having a population-specific genetic
the people of different countries is the fundamental cause diseases database with specific mutations can ease the
of a diverse array of genetic diseases. Genetic databases analysis of genetic differences between ethnic groups,
help elucidate gene function, estimate the prevalence of trace population diversity, and disease susceptibility.
genes in populations, distinguish between subtypes of Furthermore, the database will lend a helping hand to
diseases, trace how genes may predispose to or protect the research groups working on human genetic diversity,
against illnesses, and improve medical intervention [121] . medical and evolutionary history of ethnic groups,
Therefore, a nation-specific genetic disease database genetic disease diagnosis, and treatment by supplying data
should contain information about the diseases’ frequency while designing study and during result interpretation.
rates and provide clues on the required steps to prevent the Understanding genotype-phenotype correlation,
spread of the diseases from generation to generation. On developing molecular diagnostic tests, analyzing mutation,
realizing the significance, many countries have introduced and genetic counseling will be easier with the help of a
national databases containing mutation details. However, genetic disease database because all relevant information
Asian countries were lagging behind in constructing are in one place. In addition, the database would be helpful
genetic databases compared to the European countries. To for other researchers to analyze specific Asian mutations.
encourage genetic data deposition from Asian countries, Pharmacogeneticists will find the database highly
the Genome Asia 100K Project has been introduced to advantageous after utilizing it to understand gene-related
assemble population-specific variation data and extend variabilities in drug responsiveness and metabolism,
the genome-wide association studies. The GAsP database thereby facilitating drug screening in accordance with
has already taken DNA sequences from India, Malaysia, genetic susceptibility before prescribing.
Korea, Pakistan, China, and many other Asian countries 4. Genetic disease database of different
from their genetic disease databases [122] . Despite having
published case reports on more than 60 genetic diseases, Asian countries
Bangladesh still has not constructed a genetic disease The diversity of genetic diseases in different populations
database to collate genetic disease and mutation details. depends on geographical location, reproductive practices,
Therefore, the prevalence data and the mutation profiles and environmental factors. Thus, many neighboring Asian
of most genetic diseases are still unknown, making the countries have already established their own national
diagnosis procedure burdensome [120,123] . genetic disease databases, which are summarized in Table 2.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2022) 10 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.v1i1.78