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Gene & Protein in Disease Modulating immune response in liver by curcumin

originating from the arterial plexus and splanchnic organs into lymphatic vessels that travel along the portal tract.
3,4
(Figure 1). The liver receives approximately 30% of the total The liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which
blood supply per minute, enabling the transportation of line the sinusoids, are specialized and contain numerous
peripheral blood lymphocytes throughout a 24-h period. fenestrations – small openings that facilitate the entry of
3
The hepatic parenchyma receives blood through terminal blood into liver cells by allowing it to pass through the
portal vessels, which then travel through a complex layers of LSECs. This process aids in the elimination and
arrangement of liver sinusoids carrying immunogenic breakdown of immunogenic molecules within the liver.
3,4
dietary molecules against which the immune response Kupffer cells (KCs) residing in the liver express pattern
must be silenced. After passing through the parenchyma, recognition receptors (PRRs) that specifically bind to
the blood exits through the central hepatic veins. The small microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and
dimensions of the sinusoids play a key role in preventing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These
5,6
significant increases in systemic venous pressure and patterns are present in high quantities in the blood that
ensuring smooth flow within the sinusoids, which, in arrives from the portal vein. Once bound, MAMPs and
turn, facilitates the movement of lymphocytes out of the DAMPs undergo phagocytosis by hepatocytes and KCs,
bloodstream. The non-hematopoietic hepatic cells and resulting in their subsequent degradation. Importantly, this
resident immune cells at the site closely interact, a process process occurs in the absence of mediators that are typically
facilitated by several factors. First, the low pressure of associated with PRR signaling. Overall, the liver possesses
5,6
blood flow allows for intimate cellular contact. In addition, specific attributes that set it apart, including low blood flow
the fenestrations present in the liver endothelium and pressure, fenestrations present in the endothelium, and the
the absence of basal lamina in the liver lobule further absence of a basal lamina. These distinctive features enable
contribute to these interactions. These resident immune resident immune cells to closely interact with one another
cells are primarily found in the liver sinusoids and the and with other hepatic cells, allowing for the efficient
sub-endothelial compartment known as the Space of removal and degradation of immunogenic molecules
Disse. In this region, lymph accumulates and then passes without triggering an inflammatory response.

Figure 1. The immunological architecture of the liver

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 3 doi: 10.36922/gpd.3186