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Gene & Protein in Disease Chinese herbs and stem cells in neurology

differentiation in BMSCs, it also enhances neurogenesis oxidative stress and promoting neural regeneration. Its
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and differentiation in NSCs, providing neuroprotection and multiple functions across different stem cell types enhance
promoting neuronal survival. 93,94 These combined effects its therapeutic potential for a range of regenerative
underline ginsenoside Rg1’s potential as a therapeutic agent applications. Furthermore, in another experimental
across multiple stem cell types in regenerative medicine. study, Astragaloside IV reduces the breast cancer stem
cell, increasing sensitivity to paclitaxel as a chemotherapy
4.7. Resveratrol agent. In addition, the cardioprotective effects of
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Recent studies have shown that resveratrol promotes Astragaloside IV exerted through the induction of BMSC-
osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating derived exosomes have been proven in mouse models of
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alkaline phosphatase activity 95 and enhancing acute myocardial infarction. Overall, Astragaloside IV
mineralization, alongside the promotion of mitochondrial is regarded as an agent with multiple effects on stem cell
biogenesis and a shift in energy metabolism toward biology, possessing potential applications for regenerative
differentiation. 96 Alongside promoting osteogenic medicine and cancer interventions. 105
differentiation in BMSCs, resveratrol supports NSC 4.10. Astraisoflavan
survival and differentiation by reducing oxidative stress
and inflammation, making it particularly relevant in Astraisoflavan is a biologically active compound derived
neuroprotection and anti-aging therapies. Its ability to from Astragalus membranaceus that has demonstrated
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modulate the SIRT1-ERK pathway also offers protective various effects in stem cell biology, especially NSCs. Recent
effects against reactive oxygen species, which is crucial studies provided evidence that astraisoflavan increases
in both stem cell and neural cell longevity. As a result, NSC proliferation and dopamine neuron differentiation,
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resveratrol holds promise as a therapeutic agent in various which is indispensable for neurodegenerative diseases like
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regenerative medicine. PD. These effects appear to involve the upregulation of
several important transcription factors, such as pituitary
4.8. Tanshinone IIA homeobox (Ptx3), sonic hedgehog (Shh), and orphan
Tanshinone IIA is a bioactive component isolated from nuclear hormone 1 (Nurr1), which are important for
Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been found to considerably dopamine neuron development. In addition, astraisoflavan
support differentiation and proliferation of stem cells, increases the expression of prominent markers of
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primarily human BMSCs. Recent studies have indicated dopaminergic neurons, including the dopamine transporter
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that Tanshinone IIA enhances BMSC expansion by (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). However, more
upregulating fibroblast growth factor 2 and activating the studies need to be conducted to determine the underlying
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell cycle various molecular mechanisms of astraisoflavan on the
progression and survival. In addition to its beneficial stem cells, and its possible uses as a novel therapeutic
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effects on BMSC proliferation, Tanshinone IIA also approach against neurodegenerative disease.
promotes neuroprotection by supporting the proliferation In summary, BMSCs and NSCs both play essential roles
and differentiation of NSCs, reducing neuroinflammation, in tissue regeneration due to their differentiation and self-
and aiding in neuronal recovery after ischemic injuries. renewal capabilities. While NSCs directly regenerate nerve
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This dual role makes Tanshinone IIA valuable for tissue by forming neurons and glial cells, BMSCs provide a
applications in both bone and nervous system repair. supportive environment by secreting factors that enhance
neurogenesis and neuroprotection. This complementary
4.9. Astragaloside IV relationship supports their combined use in regenerative
Astragaloside IV, a bioactive compound extracted from therapies for nervous system repair.
Astragalus membranaceus, has shown significant effects on
stem cell functionality and differentiation. Recent studies 5. Conclusion
indicate that Astragaloside IV can enhance the proliferation The combination of stem cell therapy and TCM herbal
and survival of BMSCs under challenging conditions such ingredients offers a promising approach for treating
as iron overload and oxidative stress. 101,102 Astragaloside neurological disorders. Stem cells provide the potential to
IV has also shown a capacity to induce angiogenesis from replace damaged neural cells and restore lost functions,
adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating while bioactive compounds from TCM – such as
the FAK phosphorylation signaling pathway, with a curcumin, resveratrol, and ginsenosides – can modulate
targeted effect on ischemic diseases. While Astragaloside stem cell behavior to promote neurogenesis, enhance
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IV supports BMSC survival and angiogenesis, it also neuroprotection, and create a supportive regenerative
enhances NSC proliferation and differentiation, reducing environment. This synergy may improve treatment

Volume 4 Issue 2 (2025) 6 doi: 10.36922/gpd.4835