Page 19 - GTM-2-4

Global Translational Medicine Keto diet in management of Type 2 diabetes

Table 5. Different diet plans for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recommendations and remarks
Policy Comments and suggestions References
A consensus report to adults on nutritional treatment Limiting average carbohydrate consumption among diabetes patients really [80]
for Type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetes does have the strongest information for boosting glycemic control and may
be accomplished through some kind of diversity of eating practices to suit
particular requirements and desires. Low-average carbohydrate eating with
low or very low-carbohydrate feeding patterns is really a practical solution for
treating individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes patients usually consume a low-carbohydrate Lower-carbohydrate diets can be medically beneficial in dropping median [81]
diet—position statement blood sugar levels in people with Type-2 diabetes in the short-term, according
to trustworthy research (up to 6 months). Low carbohydrate consumption
aids in weight loss, and maintenance factors increase the risk of cardiovascular
disease, such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure in diabetes patients.
Hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes prevention—A Nutritional interventions include the following: Low-carbohydrate, [57]
compromise report high-protein diets, as well as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
(DASH) diet, all help with glycemic management, but the Middle Eastern
dietary trend appears to have many more advantages.
A health and care excellence guideline on It is proposed that perhaps the dietary reference requirement for average [82]
carbohydrates and the control of diabetes carbohydrates should sustain around 50% of the total calorie intake for such an
overall population.
A health and care excellence guideline on Individuals with Type 2 diabetes might be presented with nutritional dietary [81]
carbohydrates and the control of diabetes options to help them lose weight while improving their overall glycemic
control. Simple calorie restriction, fat lowering, absorption of carbohydrates
with a reduced glycemic index instead of just a high glycemic index, and even
dietary carbohydrate restriction are almost all choices (an advised intake of
about 50 g per day seems to be safe for up to 6 months).
Diabetes UK nutritional guidelines for individuals Low-carbohydrate diets could well be considered a good idea for losing [83]
with diabetes are scientifically proof-based weight in Type-2 diabetic patients when they are supported by a licensed
recommendations on diabetes prevention and control physiotherapist, according to Diabetes UK 2011 guidelines.

changes in glycosylated hemoglobin have been observed. a distinct low-carbohydrate feeding pattern has been
Conversely, no such improvements have been observed observed to positively influence blood lipid metabolism
in scenarios involving a diet featuring carbohydrates in individuals with T2DM. This effect is likely attributable
constituting 50 – 56% of routine fuel requirements . to reduced serum levels of insulin in these individuals,
[66]
The positive benefits of such a low-carbohydrate diet on promoting the same enzyme, hydroxymethylglutaryl lyase-
HbA1 concentration are supported by Kirk et al.’s meta- CoA (HMG-CoA reductase), essential for ketone body
analysis . Several complications commonly associated production while limiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
[76]
with T2DM involve alterations in blood lipids. An Research highlights the fundamental relationship
abnormal biosynthesis of both triglycerides and cholesterol between insulin dysfunction and fatty acid metabolism.
in the liver contributes to the increased secretion of This relationship extends to cells responsible for producing
atherogenic lipids into plasma, leading to elevated low- molecules such as fats, hormones, and cytokines, thereby
density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) levels, contributing to the heightened risk of chronic diseases in
along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) type 2 diabetic patients . Intermittent energy restriction,
[77]
concentrations. These issues are consistently related to a strategy that considerably restricts caloric intake,
both diabetic pathogenesis and “metabolic disorders,” represents one common approach to addressing obesity.
potentially affecting the development of T2DM. The strategy involves deriving energy from micronutrients
Atherogenic dyslipidemia significantly amplifies the in the following proportions: 10 – 20% proteins, 50 – 60%
overall risk of heart disease. Associated with heightened carbohydrates, and 10 – 30% lipids, a composition that
hyperglycemia and irregular lipid levels, this condition has aligns closely with conventional dietary presumption.
been associated with glycation, oxygenation, methylation, An increasing focus is placed on exploring various food
and hydroxylation mechanisms, collectively contributing types for achieving substantial weight loss. Notably, there is
to long-term inflammation. Food choices exert a a growing emphasis on utilizing diverse food types for rapid
substantial impact on blood serum cholesterol. Notably, weight loss (Table 1). The efficacy of the aforementioned

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 9 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.1361