Page 36 - GTM-4-1

Global Translational Medicine Phytonanotherapy in cancer and diabetes care

for diabetic treatment. However, research is ongoing, and their safety and efficacy in humans. Furthermore, aspects
clinical trials are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy such as algal species selection, extraction methods, and
of these NP-based antioxidant treatments in diabetes NP synthesis techniques all play a role in the efficacy
patients. Furthermore, aspects such as algal species of these therapies. 91,92 There are major safety issues and
selection, NP formulation, and dose must be carefully regulatory obstacles when CAM and NPs are combined.
studied to optimize therapeutic benefits. 85 Because of their small size and strong reactivity, NPs might
have unpredictable toxicity that can cause inflammation,
7.2.5. Biosensors oxidative stress, or organ damage. Furthermore, bioactive
Algae-based NPs have the potential to be used to create substances with varying potencies may be present in plant-
biosensors for monitoring blood glucose levels. These based NPs, raising the possibility of allergic reactions or
biosensors provide a non-invasive, possibly more pleasant unfavorable interactions with prescription medications.
alternative to typical glucose monitoring methods like The absence of defined procedures for quality control
fingerstick tests. The distinct qualities of algae-derived and NP manufacturing makes safety assessments even
NPs, such as their biocompatibility and flexibility, make more difficult. On the regulatory front, the approval,
them ideal for the development of sensitive and selective clinical studies, and post-market surveillance for these
glucose biosensors. 86 integrative medicines are hampered by regionally disparate
NPs can be functionalized in these biosensors with and inconsistent rules. Establishing quality standards,
glucose-specific receptors or enzymes that interact with guaranteeing reproducibility in the production of NPs, and
glucose molecules in the bloodstream. When glucose evaluating long-term impacts are among the challenges. 92,93
attaches to NPs, it causes observable changes in electrical 8. Conclusion and future prospects
conductivity, fluorescence, or color. This signal may be
identified and quantified, allowing for real-time monitoring This review focuses at the exciting junction of
of blood glucose levels. phytonanotherapy, CAM, and NPs in the treatment
of cancer and diabetes. CAM, particularly the
The non-invasive nature of algae-based NP biosensors
has the potential to improve patient compliance, decrease utilization of medicinal plants, has attracted global
attention. Phytosynthesized NPs, produced using
discomfort, and enable continuous glucose monitoring, green synthesis, provide a sustainable, environmentally
hence enhancing diabetes treatment and overall quality
of life for diabetic patients. More research and clinical friendly approach. These NPs include a wide range of
bioactive chemicals that participate in bioreduction
validation, however, are required to verify the accuracy and and stabilization processes, making them ideal tools for
reliability of these biosensors for routine clinical usage. 87,88
anticancer and antidiabetic therapy. Recent advances
7.2.6. Pancreatic protection in green NPs are opening up new avenues for cancer
and diabetes treatment, providing precision tactics
NPs generated from algae may protect pancreatic beta cells such as photothermal therapy, PDT, drug delivery, and
from injury, retaining their insulin-producing ability and biosensors. 93,94 Furthermore, algae-derived green NPs
potentially reducing diabetes progression. In both type 1 show great promise in these fields, since they can help
and type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation and oxidative with imaging, preserve pancreatic beta cells, and provide
stress in the pancreas might contribute to the degeneration antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
of these vital cells. Algae-derived NPs, which are frequently
high in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances, Overall, the convergence of CAM, phytonanotherapy,
may assist in alleviating this damage by lowering oxidative green synthesis, and novel NP-based techniques is
stress, inflammation, and immune-related attacks on beta transforming the landscape of cancer and diabetes
cells. management, promising more sustainable, effective, and
patient-friendly therapeutic choices. Further study and
Furthermore, NPs can be designed for targeted
medication delivery, targeting these protective chemicals clinical validation, however, are required to fully realize
to the pancreatic tissue selectively. 89,90 Algae-derived NPs their promise and ensure their safety and efficacy in clinical
95
provide a possible therapeutic pathway for maintaining practice.
insulin secretion and better glucose control by sustaining Advances in nanotechnology and knowledge of
beta cell activity, thus improving the long-term outlook individual genetic variations will very certainly allow for
for people with diabetes. While algae-derived green NPs the development of personalized medicines. Patients may
show promise for cancer and diabetes treatment, further receive personalized medicines based on their individual
study is needed, and clinical trials are required to establish genetic profiles and illness characteristics, improving

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 28 doi: 10.36922/gtm.5840