Page 354 - IJB-10-1

International Journal of Bioprinting Corrosion behavior of SLM-prepared 316L steel

were as follows: A1 and A2, belonging to the {111} fiber B texture orientation (less than 25% volume fraction), but
with constant Euler angles Φ = 45° and φ = 0°; Ab and also the other Ab, A, and Bb orientations. A minor fraction
2
A, belonging to the {111}<110> fiber with constant Euler of other ideal texture orientations, which were not observed
angles Φ = 35.26° and φ = 45°; Bb and B, belonging to the within sample 17 but within sample 20, were present
2
<110> fiber with constant Euler angles Φ = 54.74° and φ = within sample 15, pointing to texture randomization,
2
45°; and C with the specific orientations of Euler angles of most probably caused by structure restoration (see also the
φ = 90°; Φ = 45°; and φ = 0° 74,75 . following sections).
2
1
The analyses of the specific orientations confirmed 3.3. Microstructure
that sample 20 featured no prevailing preferential texture The grain sizes were assessed via the area-weighted
orientation; the most prominent were the A1, A, and fractions of maximum Feret diameters (see Figure
B orientations, but their intensities were comparable 4A–D for the graphical depictions of the results for the
(volume fractions between 0.13% and 0.15%) and no single original workpiece and swaged samples 20, 17, and 15,
orientation dominated. On the other hand, swaging to the respectively). The average grain size decreased with
diameter of 17 mm resulted in the formation of a dominant swaging from the original value of 31.4 µm to 14.6 µm
ideal texture orientation; the intensity of the B orientation the sample 20. After the subsequent swaging to 17 mm,
within sample 17 was more than twice as high as those of the grain size further decreased to an average value of
the other texture orientations, i.e., Ab, A, and Bb. In other 11.0 µm, and then remained almost constant after the
words, almost 50% of the grains tended to acquire the ideal final pass (11.1 µm for sample 15). As can be seen, the
B orientation. Further swaging to the final diameter of 15 grain size was also significantly homogenized during the
mm resulted in a decrease in the intensity of not only the swaging process. The sizes of the largest grains within the

Figure 4. Grain size depicted with area-weighted fractions of maximum Ferret diameters for (A) AM-prepared workpiece, (B) sample 20, (C) sample 17,
and (D) sample 15.

Volume 10 Issue 1 (2024) 346 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1416