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International Journal of Bioprinting                                      In vitro 3D pancreatic acinar unit




            need for supports, mandrels, or sacrificial materials. The   Ethics approval and consent to participate
            constructed PCL scaffold represents, at the microscale, a   Not applicable.
            biomimetic porous network able to support the growth
            and proliferation of stromal cells over several weeks. In   Consent for publication
            particular, human fibroblasts and HPDE overexpressing
            the  KRAS oncogene were used to replicate the stromal   Not applicable.
            and cancer epithelial components, respectively. The ability
            of this model in promoting the formation of a stromal   Availability of data
            tissue after 28 days of culture, as well as the capability in   Data  are  available  from  the  corresponding  author  upon
            replicating the compartmentalized architecture typical of   reasonable request.
            the pancreatic cancer microenvironment by hosting both
            stromal  cells  and  epithelial  cells,  was  assessed.  Indeed,   References
            the specific localization of the epithelial cells within the
            acinar cavity was achieved and maintained up to 10 days.   1.   Hegyi P, Petersen OH. The exocrine pancreas: the acinar-
            Moreover, the MEW model features the crosstalk between   ductal tango in physiology and pathophysiology. Rev Physiol
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            pathological condition in vivo.                       doi: 10.1007/112_2013_14
               Therefore, the successful realization of the biomimetic   2.   Shih HP, Wang A, Sander M. Pancreas organogenesis: from
            construct described in this paper provides an important step   lineage determination to morphogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev
                                                                  Biol. 2013;29:81-105.
            toward a fully human 3D in vitro model of the pancreatic      doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122405
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                                                                  doi: 10.3390/cancers10090316
            Acknowledgments                                    4.   Fu Y, Liu S, Zeng S, Shen H. The critical roles of activated
                                                                  stellate cells-mediated paracrine signaling, metabolism and
            We thank Prof. F. Bussolino for the support in cell culturing.  onco-immunology in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
                                                                  Mol Cancer. 2018;17:62.
            Funding                                               doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0815-z

            This project was carried out with the support of Fondazione   5.   Pothula SP, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Pancreatic stellate
            Compagnia di San Paolo - Trapezio Call for Proposals   cells: aiding and abetting pancreatic cancer progression.
            -Target 1 project “ExocRine glAndular Tissue mOdelS   Pancreatology. 2020;20:409-418.
            TExocRine  glandular  Tissue  mOdelS  Through  precisely      doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.01.003
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                                                               7.   Bynigeri RR, Jakkampudi A, Jangala R, et al. Pancreatic
            Conflict of interest                                  stellate cell: Pandora’s box for pancreatic disease biology.
                                                                  World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:382.
            The authors declare no conflicts of interest.         doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.382

            Author Contributions                               8.   Apte MV, Wilson JS, Lugea A, Pandol SJ. A starring role for
                                                                  stellate cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment.
            Conceptualization: Gianluca Ciardelli, Chiara Tonda-Turo  Gastroenterology. 2013;144:1210-1219.
            Data curation: Viola Sgarminato, Michela Licciardello     doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.11.037
            Formal analysis: Viola Sgarminato, Chiara Tonda-Turo  9.   Wu Y, Zhang C, Jiang K, Werner J, Bazhin AV, D’Haese JG.
            Funding acquisition: Gianluca Ciardelli, Chiara Tonda-Turo  The role of stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:
            Investigation: Viola Sgarminato, Michela Licciardello,   targeting perspectives. Front Oncol. 2021;10.
               Chiara Tonda-Turo                                  doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.621937
            Methodology: Michela Licciardello, Chiara Tonda-Turo  10.  Zhan HX, Zhou B, Cheng Y, et al. Crosstalk between stromal
            Writing  –   original  draft:  Viola  Sgarminato,     cells and cancer cells in pancreatic cancer: new insights into
               Chiara Tonda-Turo                                  stromal biology. Cancer Lett. 2017;392:83-93.
            Writing – review & editing: Gianluca Ciardelli        doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.041
            Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024)                       426                                doi: 10.36922/ijb.1975
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