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Jang T-S, et al.

Table 1. The summary of methods and materials for 3D printing of various hydrogel composites

Reinforcement type 3D printing methods Matrix materials Reinforcement Properties Potential application Ref.
materials

Gel 3D plotting Alginate Poly(acrylamide) Improved tensile Tendon [70]
properties

3D plotting Gelatin Alginate Maintained tensile Aortic heart valve [17]
biomechanics
Formed vascular
3D plotting Collagen Gelatin construct with cell Vascular tissue [71]

3D plotting PEGDA Alginate Improved toughness General [72]

Improved storage [73]
3D plotting Alginate Nanocellulose modulus Cartilage (Ear)
Improved storage
3D plotting PEGX Gelatin modulus and critical General [74]
strain
Improved cell
3D plotting Gelatin-alginate Fibrinogen differentiation and Drug discovery [75]
self-organization
3D plotting Alginate Gellan gum Improved swelling General [76]
ratio and stiffness

3D plotting PCL PEG, HAc Improved storage General [77]
modulus
Improved rheological
3D plotting PEG P(HPMAm-lactate) properties and Cartilage [78]
degradation rate
Improved mechanical
DIW HAc Glycidyl methacrylate properties General [79]

Improved nerve
LDM Collagen PU Nerve conduit [80]
regeneration capability

Robocasting Chitosan Alginate Large-scale structures General [81]

Inkjet printer Alginate Gelatin Cell printing General [66]

Inkjet printer Starch Cellulose, Dextrose Improved elongation General [65]

Improved degradation [82]
DLP PU HAc rate Cartilage

International Journal of Bioprinting (2018)–Volume 4, Issue 1 9