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International Journal of Bioprinting Medical regenerative in situ bioprinting

be addressed: (i) delivery and curing of scaffolds in deep to be addressed is accurately transporting the material to
tissue and (ii) real-time monitoring of the printing process. the designated area in the body. Zhao et al. incorporated
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a micro-bioprinting platform into an endoscope and
2.3.1. Delivery and curing of scaffolds in deep tissue demonstrated the feasibility of in situ 3D printing at a
Minimally invasive in situ bioprinting combines automated specified location. The printing platform consists of a fixed
printing systems with human control for in vivo printing. base with three actuators and a laminated mobile platform
This approach demands high flexibility and miniaturization that accurately deposits the bioink to the damaged area
of the printing system. However, a key challenge that needs of the stomach wall via extrusion (Figure 4A). The study

Figure 4. Minimally invasive in situ bioprinting combined with automated systems. (A) Schematic illustration of in situ bioprinting inside a stomach.
(A, i) Schematic of the bioprinting and injection system. (A, ii) A bioprinting platform installed in a curved pipe mimicked an endoscope to perform
bioprinting inside a stomach model. (B) Minimally invasive surgery controlled by a ferromagnetic soft catheter robot. (B, i) Schematic illustration of
in situ bioprinting with functional bioinks under a magnetic field through a small incision. (B, ii) Photographs illustrating the minimally invasive bioprinting
process on the liver surface at different times. (C) Implementation of bio-orthogonal two-photon photo-polymerization of polymers. Abbreviations: CAD/
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CAM, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing. Adapted with permission from Zhao et al. (A), Zhou et al. (B), Urciuolo A et al. (C).
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Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 56 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3366