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Commercialization of bioprinting technology






















           Figure 4. Consumer survey on in vitro meat.


           Table 2. Cell-based meat companies.
           Cell source species       Bioprinting                     Non-bioprinting companies
           Mammals                   Meal Source Technologies        Wild Earth              Bio. Tech. Foods
                                     Aleph Farms                     LabFarm                 New Age Meats
                                     Fork and Goode                  Mosa Meat               Meatable
                                     Meatech                         Biftek. Co.             MiraiFoods
                                                                     Higher Steaks           Biofood
                                                                     Cell Farm
           Seafood                   BlueNalu                        Avant                   Wild Type
                                                                     Finless Foods           Seafuture
                                                                     Future Fields           Shiok Meats
                                                                     Clean research
           Poultry                                                   JUST                    Gourmet
                                                                     Bond Pet Foods          SuperMeat
                                                                     Clear Meat              Peace of Meat
                                                                     Integriculture          Vital Meat
           Multi-species             Future Meat Technologies        Memphis meats           Cellular Agriculture
                                                                     VOW Foods               Mission Barns

           by algae will create  self-sustaining systems,        Early prototypes of this technology were
           which would in turn eliminate  any need for         produced in joint experiments by 3D Bioprinting
           resupply runs. Moreover, the self-sustaining        Solutions  and  Aleph Farms     [85,86] . In these
                                                                        [84]
           systems allow astronauts to directly  control       experiments aboard the ISS, magnetic bioprinting
           and  adjust  their  diet  to  combat  specific  medical   was used to assemble spherical constructs out
           conditions such as muscle atrophy and osteopenia,   of  spheroids,  made  from  animal  and  fish  cells.
           which  arise  during  prolonged  space  travel.     Both 3D Bioprinting  Solutions  and  Aleph
           In  addition  to  meeting  specific  medical  and   Farms carried out extensive research in tissue
           nutrition requirements, these systems also allow    engineering, developed originally for regenerative
           crewmembers to select palatability preferences as   medicine purposes, to create food products
           bioprinting can be used to create distinct texture   from multiple tissue types (e.g., myoblasts,
           and palatability  characteristics  in  the  food that   fibroblasts,  adipocytes,  and  blood  vessels).
           can help crewmembers to endure all the various      Multiple companies across the world embrace
           psychological  hardships of long-duration  space    this approach, transferring bioprinting advances
           travel.                                             from tissue engineering to food tech.

           72                          International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 3
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