Page 24 - IJB-10-6

International

Journal of Bioprinting

REVIEW ARTICLE
Bioprinting of wearable sensors, brain-machine

interfaces, and exoskeleton robots

Xinrui Wang , Wei Dong , Hui Dong *, Yongzhuo Gao *, Jiawen Lin ,
1
1,2
3
1
1
Haichao Jia , Yihui Tao , and Hao Sun *
3
4
3 id
1 School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
2 Weapon Equipment Research Institute, China South Industries Group Corp., Beijing, 102202,
China
3 College of Mechanical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
4 College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Biomimetic and bioinspired printed structures)
Abstract
Bioprinting holds the promise of producing biocompatible structures capable
of seamlessly integrating with human physiology, improving human health by
enabling the precise fabrication of tissue models that closely mimic the architecture
and functions of human skin, brain, and bone. Building on the advancements
of bioprinting, there has been a corresponding increase in cross-disciplinary
innovations in wearable technologies, brain-machine interfaces, and exoskeleton
robotics. Given the progress of bioprinting in skin study, wearable electronics are
expected to have improved biocompatibility and integration with the human
body. For patient-specific neural tissues created using bioprinting, the potential to
*Corresponding authors: replicate neural activities through the synergy of bioprinting and brain-machine
Hui Dong (dongh@hit.edu.cn) interfaces presents opportunities to enhance the performance of more advanced
Yongzhuo Gao
(gaoyongzhuo@hit.edu.cn) neuromorphic systems. Inspired by the advancements of bioprinting in producing
Hao Sun (sh@fzu.edu.cn) patient-specific bone grafts and scaffolds, this technology could bridge the gap
between mechanical systems and biomechanics, redefining the limits of skeleton
Citation: Wang X, Dong W, robotics. This review explores the advancements of bioprinting in wearable sensors,
Dong H, et al. Bioprinting of
wearable sensors, brain-machine brain-machine interfaces, and exoskeleton robots, and briefly addresses the existing
interfaces, and exoskeleton robots. and potential challenges in interdisciplinary research.
Int J Bioprint. 2024;10(6):3590.
doi: 10.36922/ijb.3590
Received: May 6, 2024 Keywords: Bioprinting; Wearable sensor; Brain-machine interface;
Revised: July 20, 2024 Exoskeleton robot
Accepted: July 24, 2024
Published Online: July 31, 2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open Access article 1. Introduction
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Advancements in 3D bioprinting are transforming various fields, such as regenerative
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, and rehabilitation medicine, bionics, and biomimetic engineering. With precise
provided the original work is placement of cells and supporting biomaterials, bioprinting enables the fabrication
properly cited. of complex and functional tissues that closely mimic native structures. This
1,2
Publisher’s Note: AccScience precision offers promising avenues for treating degenerative diseases or injuries and
Publishing remains neutral with constructing more advanced bionic systems. The impact of bioprinting extends
3,4
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional beyond medicine. Over the past 20 years, academic and industrialized bioprinting
affiliations. technologies have evolved from high-cost, specialized applications to more accessible,

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 16 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3590