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International Journal of Bioprinting Application and prospects of 3D printable microgels

Figure 7. Writing in the granular gel medium. (A) Writing solid shells and capsules. (a) Thin-shell model octopus made from multiple connected hydrogel
parts. (b) Octopus model aggregates without structural changes. (c) Octopus model maintains integrity after aggregation. (d) A model jellyfish incorporates
flexible high aspect ratio tentacles attached to a closed-shell body. (e) Freely floating in water, the jellyfish model exhibits robustness and flexibility.
(f) Model Russian dolls demonstrate the ability to encapsulate with nested thin shells. (B) Hierarchically branched tubular networks. (a, b) A continuous
network of hollow vessels with features spanning several orders of magnitude in diameter and aspect ratio. (c) A high-resolution photo of truncated vessels
around a junction shows hollow tubes with thin walls and features about 100 μm in diameter. (d) Junctions exhibit stable concave and convex curvatures.
(e) Products extracted from granular gels are able to preserve stable structures [from ref. [124] licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC 4.0)].

which has a slow rate of regeneration with almost no self- loaded onto the OMA microgel. After being frozen and
healing ability. Current conventional medications can only stored for one month, the loaded MSCs retained good
alleviate the progression of damage, but cannot cure it. The biological abilities for cell proliferation and differentiation
use of microgel as a bioink for 3D bioprinting of cartilage (osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation). In
tissue offers a new strategy for the treatment of cartilage addition, the OMA microgel can be printed into various
damage [132-134] . Jeon et al. designed a light-crosslinked bone tissue shapes (such as femur and skull) in a gelatin
methacrylate oxide algal acid salt (OMA) microgel for support bath [135] . It has been observed that ordinary
printing cartilage and bone tissue, with MSCs able to be hydrogels restrict cellular volume expansion, rendering the

Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 100 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.753