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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting of nerve guidance conduits

References 76 77 78 164 83 84 157 80 173 81 85 86 (Continued...)

Effective functional recovery in a rat model of The structural properties did not change significantly after incubation in phosphate buffer solution, showing good structural Genipin incorporation significantly reduced the degradation rate of the catheter matrix and stabilized the chitosan matrix The printed patterns showed excellent flexibility and toughness, capable of withstanding continuous compressive and bending stresses Low-molecular

Outcomes 15 mm sciatic PNI stability on the PPy/SF conduit cell growth pathway

Resolution 10 μm 1 mm – 1 mm – – – 1 mm 10 μm 0.1 mm – –

Culture time 12 weeks 28 days 3 months 4 months 12 weeks 30 days 12 weeks – 12 weeks 6 months 12 weeks 21 days

15 mm remote nerve defects in In vitro assessment of cell behavior In vitro assessment of cell behavior 15 mm remote nerve defects in 10 mm nerve defects in rats In vitro assessment of cell behavior 10 mm nerve defects in rats 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats 8 mm nerve defects In vitro assessment of cell behavior and neuronal differentiation
Table 3. Biomaterials and representative examples of nerve guidance conduits
Model rats rats – in rats

In vitro/in vivo In vivo In vitro In vitro In vivo In vivo In vitro In vivo In vivo In vivo In vivo In vitro

Conduit structure Hollow Spiral hollow conduit Porous Microstructure modification – – Hollow Multi-channel Multi-channel Double-deck – –

Method Topography method 3D melt extrusion Extrusion-based 3D printing and freeze-drying Extrusion printing Electrospinning 3D electrospinning Injection molding Electrospinning Electrospinning Electrospinning Electrospinning Electrospinning

Chitosan/neurotrophic Chitosan/poly-ε- Antheraea pernyi SF/ poly(L-lactic acid-co- caprolactone)/graphene oxide nanofibers Collagen/hydrogel/ poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε- Collagen/hyaluronic

Materials factor-3 Chitosan/PCL caprolactone Chitosan/PCL Silk fibroin PPy/SF SF/dorsal root ganglion/SCs SF PPy/SF caprolactone acid/PCL

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 42 doi: 10.36922/IJB025140120