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International Journal of
            Population Studies                                               Health-care access for the elderly living alone



            Acknowledgments                                    Antos, J.R. (2007). Health Care Financing in Thailand:
                                                                  Modeling and Sustainability (English) (Working Paper
            We are grateful to Dr.  Sauwakon Ratanawijitrasin, the   No.  66281). Washington DC, USA: World Bank Group.
            Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at   Available from: https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/
            Mahidol University, for her research assistance. We would   en/875351468305329741/health-care-financing-in-
            also like to express our special thanks to the National   thailand-modeling-and-sustainability [Last accessed on
            Statistical Office of Thailand for the data availability.  2023 May 13].
                                                               Austin, P.C. (2011). An introduction to propensity score methods
            Funding                                               for reducing the effects of confounding in observational
            None.                                                 studies. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(3):399-424.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.568786
            Conflict of interest
                                                               Baek,  S.,  Park,  S.H.,  Won,  E.,  Park,  Y.R.,  &  Kim,  H.J.  (2015).
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  Propensity score  matching:  A  conceptual  review  for
                                                                  radiology researchers.  Korean Journal of Radiology,
            Author contributions                                  16(2):286-296.

            Conceptualization: All authors                        https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.2.286
            Data curation: Seung Chun Paek                     Chongthawonsatid, S. (2021). Identification of unmet healthcare
            Formal analysis: Seung Chun Paek                      needs: A national survey in Thailand. Journal of Preventive
            Investigation: All authors                            Medicine and Public Health, 54(2):129-136.
            Methodology: All authors                              https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.318
            Writing – original draft: Seung Chun Paek
            Writing – review & editing: All authors            Dreyer, K., Steventon, A., Fisher, R., & Deeny, S.R. (2018). The
                                                                  association between living alone and health care utilisation
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            in older adults: A retrospective cohort study of electronic
                                                                  health records from a London general practice.  BMC
            This study was granted “Exemptions from IRB review” by   Geriatrics, 18(1):269.
            the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Social      https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0939-4
            Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University (Certificate   González-González, C., Sánchez-García, S., Juárez-Cedillo, T.,
            of Exemption No.: 2023/011.2306).                     Rosas-Carrasco, O., Gutiérrez-Robledo, L.M., & García-
            Consent for publication                               Peña, C. (2011). Health care utilization in the elderly
                                                                  Mexican population: Expenditures and determinants. BMC
            Not applicable.                                       Public Health, 11:192.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-192
            Availability of data
                                                               Gruber, J., Hendren, N., & Townsend, R.M. (2014). The great
            The data that support the findings of this study are   equalizer:  Health  care  access  and  infant  mortality  in
            available from the National Statistical Office of Thailand,   Thailand.  American Economic Journal: Applied Economics,
            but restrictions apply to the availability of these data,   6(1):91-107.
            which were used under license for the present study, and so      https://doi.org/10.1257/app.6.1.91
            are not publicly available. However, the data are available   Guzman, J.S., Sohn, L., & Harada, N.D. (2004). Living alone
            from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request   and outpatient care use by older veterans.  Journal of the
            and with permission from the National Statistical Office of   American Geriatrics Society, 52(4):617-622.
            Thailand.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52172.x
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