Page 82 - IJPS-11-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Multigenerational evaluation of globalization

societal and cultural transformations (Naidu, 2006). These culture, particularly American culture, through media,
cultural changes are reflected in various aspects, such as technology, and consumer products, has influenced people’s
traditional practices, family dynamics, media, people’s values, lifestyles, and attitudes worldwide. Global fast-
values, lifestyles, and attitudes. food chains such as McDonald’s, KFC, and Starbucks have
Previous studies have shown that globalization has supplanted traditional cuisines (Schlosser, 2012). In India,
brought changes in family structures with the adoption of people increasingly prefer Western clothing to traditional
more individualistic and nuclear family models (Parreñas, Indian apparel, which is now often reserved for religious
2005), changes in family values and norms, and marriage festivals and celebrations (Jalal & Husain, 2018). Spoken
systems (Ghosh, 2011; Rahman & Zhang, 2017; Yang & language and communication media have also been altered
Neal, 2006; Imam-Tamim et al., 2016; Niedomysl et al., by globalization, with English now dominating the world’s
2010; Rao & Rao, 1976), career development and choices business, education, and international communication
(McMahon et al., 2012; Pan, 2005; Gill, 2013), parent-child (Pennycook, 2006). The author argued that the acceptance
relationships (Prevoo & Tamis‐LeMonda, 2017; Fatema, of English loanwords and phrases in regional languages has
2014), and traditional intergenerational dynamics (Chen & resulted in changes in language use and proficiency, which
Farrell, 2006) worldwide. Globalization has also influenced may affect regional languages and cultural identities.
India’s economic (Ghosh, 2011), cultural, religious, and 1.2. Five “scapes” of globalization
social structure (Naidu, 2006; Patole, 2018). Existing
research has found that globalization has impacted different The cultural dimensions of globalization, as proposed by
dynamics of Indian families, such as family structure, Appadurai (1996), are explained through five “scapes” or
relationships, marriage, and child-rearing practices flows, which illustrate the global movement of cultural
(Derné, 2005; Gogineni et al., 2018; Kumar, 2023), and has elements and the resulting cultural transformations.
changed people’s lifestyles and living standards (Chawla (i) Ethnoscape: The global movement of people to
& Mohapatra, 2017). However, previous research has not different places for multiple purposes (e.g., immigrants,
explored the changes perceived by individuals of different tourists, studying abroad, etc.) exposes individuals to
generations who confronted the effects of globalization new cultures and enables them to actively participate
at different time points in their lives. Specifically, the in reshaping the cultures they encounter.
present study focuses on transitions in family relationship (ii) Mediascape: The influence of media (e.g., news,
dynamics, marriage, and career choices. pictures, audiovisual narrative, etc.) allows people to
experience distant cultural realities across time and
1.1. Globalization and cultural changes space
Globalization has greatly impacted cultural systems, (iii) Technoscape: The flow of technological advancements
as explained by various theories. Homogenization across boundaries radically affects people’s everyday
theory proposes that globalization can either lead to the lives.
emergence of a uniform culture, erasing local distinctions (iv) Financescape: This refers to the fluid movement of
(Tomlinson, 1999), or result in the spread of the dominant currencies and financial resources from one country
culture (e.g., Western culture) by suppressing all other or region to another (International stock exchange,
local cultures (as indicated by cultural imperialism theory foreign direct investments, international banks, etc.).
proposed by Demont‐Heinrich [2011]). In addition, (v) Ideoscape: The small-scale to large-scale exchange
hybridization theory suggests that globalization fosters of ideas (e.g., sharing personal views through social
the blending of cultures, giving rise to hybrid forms that media to spread Marxist ideology) facilitates cultural
transcend pure local or global characteristics (Canclini, changes across different cultures and borders.
1995). Glocalization theory posits that globalization It would be reasonable to conclude that all of the changes
leads to simultaneous global and local cultural changes, discussed in this paper have their roots in globalization,
with global influences adapting and integrating into local even though numerous proximate causes exist for each of
contexts (Robertson, 1995).
these changes. For example, the demographic transition
The impact of globalization could take any of the forms (DT) theory – one of the most widely accepted theories
proposed by these theories. However, it is apparent that of population growth – posits a changing pattern of
globalization has a significant social and cultural influence mortality, fertility, and growth rates as societies move from
on society as a whole and its practices, which can be seen one demographic regime to another (Notestein, 1945).
even in nuanced cultural elements such as language, The theory suggests that populations grow along four or
clothing trends, and cuisine. The dominance of Western possibly five stages: High birth and death rates (Stage 1),

Volume 11 Issue 2 (2025) 76 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.2404