Page 85 - IJPS-11-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Multigenerational evaluation of globalization

three different generations. Hence, the objectives of the 2.2. Inclusion criteria
present study are: The inclusion criteria for the participants in this study are
(i) To explore the various aspects of transitions in Indian as follows:
family relationship dynamics, marriage, and career • All participants must be continuously residing in
choices.
(ii) To compare the perspectives of three generations on India in an intact family structure (living in a nuclear
or joint family system).
these changes since they confront the effects of these
changes at different points in their lives. • Individuals aged 61 years and above (Pre-G) must be
married and have children and grandchildren.
2. Method • Individuals who are aged 40 – 60 years (Trans-G) must
be married and have children.
2.1. Participants
Participants who failed to meet the inclusion criteria
Given the multigenerational nature of the study, participants were excluded from the study.
representing three generations based on the period that
they encountered globalization in India were enrolled. The 2.3. Procedure
first generation comprises senior citizens (aged 61 years A semi-structured interview format was employed,
and above) who confronted globalization during their late featuring a comprehensive list of open-ended questions.
30s, after completing their education, establishing their An independent panel of two reviewers examined the
careers, and getting married. This group is referred to as interview questions to ensure they addressed the study’s
pre-globalization generation (Pre-G) in the present study. objectives. Online flyers and notifications were shared
The second generation consists of middle-aged participants
(aged 40 – 60 years) who went through their schooling and through social media to recruit participants. Interested
formative years in a pre-globalized India but were exposed to individuals who responded were subsequently contacted.
globalization during their young adulthood. Their personal Eight pilot interviews were conducted to evaluate the
and professional development coincided with India’s feasibility and duration of the interviews and to gather
transformation due to globalization, and they are referred to feedback from participants to improve the study design.
as the transition generation (Trans-G) in this study. The third Ten participants from each generation were interviewed,
generation consists of individuals aged 18 – 30 who were born with the option to choose between face-to-face or telephone
and grew up in India after the introduction of globalization, interviews. Among the 30 participants, 22 were interviewed
referred to as the contemporary young generation (Cont-G). face-to-face, and eight were interviewed through telephone.
The age group 31 – 39 was excluded from the study because Face-to-face interviews took place at the participants’
their responses overlap with those of the Cont-G and Pre-G. homes, as all participants preferred this location when asked
Thus, they neither distinctly represent the last generation, about their convenience. All interviews were conducted in
Cont-G, nor the first generation, Pre-G. Kerala during February and March 2023 by the first and

The study was conducted in the south Indian state second authors. The researchers prepared an interview guide
of Kerala. Interviews were conducted in Kerala’s native with six sections: introduction, changes in parent-child
language – Malayalam. Participants were approached relationships, changes in marriage, changes in career choices,
through a convenient sampling technique. The authors changes in family dynamics, and conclusion (Appendix A1).
decided a priori to collect data from 10 participants for The interviews lasted for 12 – 50 min, averaging around
each generation (N = 30), following Braun & Clarke’s 30 min. The interview sessions were audio-recorded with
(2013) approach for thematic analysis, which suggests permission and later manually transcribed by the lead
that 6 – 10 interviews are acceptable for small projects researchers. To ensure anonymity, participant’s names were
where data is collected through interviews. In addition, concealed by assigning a unique ID to each.
the authors decided a priori to conduct more than 10 2.4. Data analysis
interviews if saturation was not achieved. However, the
data reached saturation after collecting 10 interviews. The authors adhered to Braun & Clarke’s (2006) six-phase
As a stopping criterion (Francis et al., 2010), two data analytic approach. Four separate coders worked on
more interviews were conducted for each group, and the data analysis procedure. First, to familiarize themselves
it was confirmed that no new themes or ideas were with the data and concepts, each coder thoroughly
emerging. Therefore, data collection was concluded. studied the transcribed data independently. Second,
The sociodemographic profiles of the participants are using the conventional paper-pen method, coders began
presented in Table 1. classifying the data by carefully reading over the verbatim

Volume 11 Issue 2 (2025) 79 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.2404