Page 84 - IJPS-11-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Multigenerational evaluation of globalization

young people delay marriage and having children (Jones, parents to pursue higher studies in foreign countries
2007). Lower fertility rates are also a common result of (Tereshchenko & Archer, 2014), especially in Western
the pressures modern nations face in balancing work and countries, and migration across borders for education
childcare. This problem is exacerbated by increased levels and employment among youth has significantly increased
st
of fecundity at older ages (Martin, 2017). Das & Rout during the 21 Century (Marsh & Oyelere, 2018). Family
(2023) found that education, wealth quintile, and mass members often encourage students’ decisions to study
media are major controlling factors for the delayed age of abroad (Kõu et al., 2017), with international recognition
marriage. being the main motivation (Kakkad & Madhu Nair, 2015).
Furthermore, an increase in the number of One of the main factors influencing young people’s
women in the workforce has resulted in more dual- career choices is parental wishes, especially in a country
earner families. As a result, women who can support like India, where children are financially dependent on
themselves financially are less likely to stay in abusive their parents (Malik, 2017). It has also been observed that
and toxic relationships or to marry at all (Strube & due to globalization, the emergence of nuclear families
Barbour, 1983). Consequently, divorce rates and the and a decreased number of children has led parents to
number of female-headed households have increased devote more attention to each child, enhancing their
globally (Trask, 2011). In a similar line, statistics show influence over their children’s career decisions (Sawitri
that India’s divorce rate has also significantly increased et al., 2014). Other changes ushered by globalization
(Jacob & Chattopadhyay, 2016). in higher education include the widespread adoption
of internet connectivity and the integration of mobile
Another notable change is a decrease in the prevalence phones to support educational endeavors (Pandey,
of arranged marriages (Allendorf & Pandian, 2016; Kanth 2023).
et al., 2023) and a subsequent increase in love marriages
(Ghosh, 2011; Ganth & Kadhiravan, 2017). In the past, 1.6. Justification for the present study
arranged marriages were more prevalent compared to love Numerous studies have been published about myriad
marriages in India, with parents’ preferences considered changes in Indian sociocultural aspects, including
more important in planned weddings than those of the changing family systems, marriage, and career choices
bride and groom (Allendorf & Pandian, 2016). However, due to globalization. However, the majority of existing
many recent studies show that a hybrid style of marriage – studies are either conceptually written from a sociological
involving both children and parents in partner selection – is perspective, lacking empirical examination using primary
increasingly preferred in India (Allendorf & Pandian, 2016; data generated through surveys or interviews, or are older
Kanth et al., 2023). The traditional role of matchmakers has studies. Furthermore, the present study collected data
reduced with the increasing use of matrimonial sites and from three different generations. The perspectives and
dating apps, as well as the increased influence of technology understanding of changes provided by the participants are
(Agrawal, 2015). Furthermore, globalization has led to a based on their own lived experiences and observations.
greater degree of Western influence in India, increasing As globalization influences even the basic units of society,
the number of live-in relationships – a practice common apart from large-scale economic changes, it is crucial to
in Western culture but traditionally uncommon in Indian conduct an empirical exploration of the influences of
culture, where weddings are revered as sacred unions (Joshi globalization through the experiences and observations
& Singh, 2023). In addition, the modernization of youth of the common man. Moreover, a comparison of multiple
has piqued their preference for having live-in relationships, generations who started their lives before globalization,
as opposed to traditional marriage customs (Chakravorty, those who confronted globalization effects in their young
2022). adulthood, and those born after globalization adds to the
novelty of the study. For example, the introduction of the
1.5. Changes in career choices
information technology and information technology-
People’s career attitudes and behaviors reflect their enabled services fields, which brought significant
adaptation to global economic, social, political, and changes, would have caused a tremendous shift in the
environmental changes due to globalization (Tams & younger generation’s lives compared to older generations
Arthur, 2007). The intricate interplay of globalization, who were in their 30s when globalization was introduced.
technological integration, international aspirations, Given the above gaps in the literature, the present study
and evolving migration patterns has been noted in the aims to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the
literature, causing changes in career choices. There is changes in family relationships, marriage, and career
a discernible surge in the aspiration of students and choices through the consolidation of the perspectives of

Volume 11 Issue 2 (2025) 78 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.2404