Page 122 - IJPS-11-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Intergenerational transfers in Malaysia

Table 9. (Continued)
Variable Coefficient Standard error t‑statistics
Current employment status
Working (reference)
Not working due to labor market reasons −0.168 0.603 −0.278
Retired −0.002 0.696 −0.003
Homemaker 0.507 0.412 1.229
Current health status
Good health (reference)
Moderate health 0.223 0.392 0.569
Poor health 1.037 0.647 1.604
Number of living parents
1 living parent (reference)
2 living parents 0.474 0.459 1.033
3 living parents 0.813 0.491 1.654
4 living parents 0.334 0.735 0.455
Income group
Less than RM 1,000 −0.643 0.701 −0.916
RM 1,000 – RM 1,999 −0.458 0.725 −0.632
RM 2,000 – RM 2,999 −0.577 0.751 −0.768
More than RM 3,000 (reference)
Received government financial assistance
No (reference)
Yes −0.080 0.416 −0.192
C 4.449 c 0.837 5.317
Note: p<0.10, p<0.05, p<0.01.
c
b
a
5. Conclusions Acknowledgments
The present study investigates the factors associated with None.
the amount of intergenerational transfers, particularly
financial transfers, made between Malaysian older adults Funding
with their children or parents. Altogether, our findings None.
revealed there is an upstream transfer from younger
to older generations. Based on the multiple regression Conflict of interest
analysis, all variables, except for the living arrangement, The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
are revealed to be statistically significant in determining
the amount of financial transfers between respondents and Author contributions
their children, or parents.
Conceptualization: Norma Mansor
This study is not without limitations. The multiple Formal analysis: Muhammad Amirul Ashraf Abd Ghani
regression analysis excluded non-financial intergenerational Methodology: Halimah Awang
transfers such as providing food or clothing, looking after Supervision: Norma Mansor, Halimah Awang
grandchildren, and assisting parents in daily activities. The Visualization: Muhammad Amirul Ashraf Abd Ghani
inclusion of these variables in future research will allow Writing – original & draft: Muhammad Amirul Ashraf Abd
for a more extensive analysis of this issue, particularly in Ghani, Halimah Awang
explaining the exchange motive for services provided by the Writing – review & editing: Halimah Awang, Norma
parents. Mansor

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 116 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.1326