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International Journal of
            Population Studies                                               Urban poverty framework for B40 in Malaysia



            Conflict of interest                                  Revised  to  RM2,208  -  DOSM.  Available  from:  https://
                                                                  themalaysianreserve.com/2020/07/10/national-poverty-
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  line-income-revised-to-rm2208-dosm/ [Last accessed on
                                                                  2025 Jun 16].
            Author contributions
                                                               Halim,  M.  (2023).  The  strategic  training  and  development:
            Conceptualization: Nik Norliati Fitri Md Nor          Integration and contingency for high quality. Jurnal Lentera
            Data curation: Nik Norliati Fitri Md Nor, Nur Amani   Bisnis Manajemen, 1(1):40-51.
               Amalina Basri                                      https://doi.org/10.59422/lbm.v1i01.54
            Formal analysis: Nik Norliati Fitri Md Nor
            Investigation:  Siti Masayu Rosliah Abdul Rashid, Nur   Implementation Coordination Unit (Unit  Penyelarasan
               Amani Amalina Basri                                Pelaksanaan).  (2023).  Membangunkan   Masyarakat
            Methodology: Nik Norliati Fitri Md Nor                Inklusif dan Lebih Berdaya Tahan: Kajian Separuh Penggal
            Validation: Azimah Abdul Rahman                       Rancangan Malaysia Kedua Belas (Developing an Inclusive
                                                                  and More Resilient Society: Mid-Term Review of the
            Writing – original draft: Siti Masayu Rosliah Abdul Rashid  Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021-2025). Putrajaya: Department
            Writing – review & editing: Azimah Abdul Rahman, Siti   of Statistics Malaysia. [Article in Malay].
               Masayu Rosliah Abdul Rashid
                                                               Implementation Coordination Unit (Unit  Penyelarasan
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            Pelaksanaan). (2024). Statistik Status Kemiskinan Sehingga
                                                                  Februari 2024 (Poverty Status Statistics as of February 2024).
            This study was reviewed and approved by the Human     Putrajaya: Prime Minister’s Department. [Article in Malay].
            Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Sains Malaysia
            (JEPeM), with Approval ID: USM/JEPeM/22110694.     Implementation Coordination Unit. (2023). Mid-Term Review of
                                                                  the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021–2025) Malaysia MADANI:
            Informed consent was obtained from all individual     Sustainable, Prosperous, High-Income. Prime  Minister’s
            participants included in the study.                   Department, Malaysia. Available from: https://rmke12.ekonomi.
            Consent for publication                               gov.my/ksp/storage/fileUpload/2023/09/2023091129_
                                                                  executive_summary_ksp_rmke_12.pd [Last accessed on 2025
            All participants provided informed consent for the    Jun 16].
            publication of the findings derived from this study. No   Ismiyanti, D., Asteriani, F., & Astuti, P. (2019). Priority study of
            identifiable personal data or images were collected or   infrastructure  development  at  suburban  pekanbaru  (case
            published.  The  authors  affirm  that  all  relevant  consent   study: Tambang District). IOP Conference Series: Earth and
            forms have been obtained and are available upon request.  Environmental Science, 340:012014.

            Availability of data                                  https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012014
                                                               Juhari, H., & Zulyadi, T. (2021). Bentuk-bentuk pemberdayaan
            The datasets generated and analyzed during the current   masyarakat miskin oleh Baitul Mall di Kota Banda Aceh.
            study are available through the corresponding author on   Jurnal Agama dan Sosial Humaniora, 9(2):119-134.
            reasonable request.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.47574/kalam.v9i2.116
            References                                         Kamaruddin, M.I.H., Ahmad, A., Husain, M.A., & Abd
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            Volume 11 Issue 6 (2025)                       156                        https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.6558
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