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Alves LC and Arruda NM

% 78.3 60.7 80.4 63.8 76.0 58.9 76.9 55.1 77.8 57.5 76.0 53.7
2008 DFLE 16.6 5.4 15.6 5.1 17.4 5.6 16.3 4.9 15.1 4.6 17.4 5.1

Heart Diseases % 78.0 61.8 82.2 72.1 74.5 57.3 78.0 61.8 80.5 69.1 76.0 57.3
Total life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, and percentage of years with disease-free life expectancy among older adults in Brazil by income: 1998 and 2008

1998
DFLE 14.9 4.7 14.3 4.9 15.5 4.7 14.9 4.7 14.0 4.7 15.8 4.7

% 88.7 70.8 90.2 75.0 87.3 67.4 89.6 71.9 91.8 76.3 87.8 69.5

2008 DFLE 18.8 6.3 17.5 6.0 20.0 6.4 19.0 6.4 17.8 6.1 20.1 6.6
Bronchitis/asthma % 87.4 73.7 87.9 77.9 87.0 72.0 91.6 77.6 92.0 79.4 90.4 75.6

1998
DFLE 16.7 5.6 15.3 5.3 18.1 5.9 17.5 5.9 16.0 5.4 18.8 6.2

LOW INCOME 2008 % DFLE 88.5 16.9 76.3 5.8 93.7 16.3 85.3 5.8 84.1 17.5 70.7 5.8 HIGH INCOME 87.4 16.7 75.0 5.7 89.7 15.6 80.9 5.5 85.6 17.8 70.7 5.8

Diabetes % 87.4 75.0 92.0 82.4 84.6 70.7 85.3 71.1 86.8 77.9 84.1 67.1

1998
DFLE 16.7 5.7 16.0 5.6 17.6 5.8 16.3 5.4 15.1 5.3 17.5 5.5

% 42.5 32.6 50.5 42.5 37.1 28.4 45.8 36.0 51.5 43.8 45.9 47.4

2008 DFLE 9.0 2.9 9.8 3.4 8.5 2.7 9.7 3.2 10.0 3.5 10.5 4.5

Hypertension % 52.4 44.7 60.9 57.7 46.6 39.0 56.0 46.1 62.1 60.3 51.4 39.0 Source: PNAD, IBGE, and MRS (1998 and 2008). TLE: Total life expectancy; DFLE: Disease-free life expectancy.

1998
DFLE 10.0 3.4 10.6 3.9 9.7 3.2 10.7 3.5 10.8 4.1 10.7 3.2

2008 21.2 8.9 19.4 8.0 22.9 9.5 21.2 8.9 19.4 8.0 22.9 9.5
TLE
1998 19.1 7.6 17.4 6.8 20.8 8.2 19.1 7.6 17.4 6.8 20.8 8.2

Table 2. Sex and Age Total 60 80 Men 60 80 Women 60 80 Total 60 80 Men 60 80 Women 60 80

International Journal of Population Studies 2017, Volume 3, Issue 1 69