Page 61 - IJPS-7-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Child mortality by residence in Ethiopia

Table 4. Blinder‑Oaxaca decomposition of intra‑rural in risk of child death, EDHS, 2016, rural
Child mortality Coefficient Standard error z statistic P‑value 95% Conf. Interval
Overall
Rural poor 0.076 0.004 18.330 0.000 0.068 0.084
Rural non-poor 0.064 0.005 13.500 0.000 0.054 0.073
Difference 0.012 0.006 1.900 0.058 −0.000 0.024
Explained 0.013 0.009 1.360 0.175 −0.006 0.031
Unexplained −0.001 0.010 −0.080 0.939 −0.021 0.020
Explained
Child sex −0.000 0.000 0.580 0.562 −0.000 0.000
Child size 0.001 0.002 0.390 0.699 −0.003 0.005
Birth order 0.000 0.001 0.640 0.521 −0.001 0.001
Religion −0.001 0.001 −0.720 0.473 −0.003 0.001
Household size −0.001 0.001 −2.160 0.031 −0.002 0.000
Toilet type −0.002 0.003 −0.830 0.405 −0.007 0.003
Regional cat 0.016 0.008 2.000 0.045 0.000 0.031
Unexplained
Child sex −0.301 115.735 0.000 0.998 −227.138 226.535
Birth weight −0.117 44.892 0.000 0.998 −88.103 87.870
Birth order −0.685 263.195 0.000 0.998 −516.537 515.167
Religion −0.550 211.166 0.000 0.998 −414.427 413.327
Household size −0.056 21.473 0.000 0.998 −42.143 42.030
Toilet type 0.202 77.716 0.000 0.998 −152.118 152.523
Regional cat 0.429 164.569 0.000 0.998 −322.121 322.979
_cons 1.077 414.172 0.000 0.998 −810.685 812.840
Note: The models were based on rural 6,680 observations using logistic regressions, with 4,045 observations from poor families and 2,635 observations
from non-poor families.

rural decomposition analysis revealed that child size at 4. Discussion
birth and regional category contributed to explaining
the intra-rural gap in child mortality. On the other hand, To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that
child sex, religion, household size, and type of sanitation examined residential inequalities in child mortality taking
facilities contributed to widening the intra-rural child intra-urban and intra-rural inequalities into account in
mortality disparity. Ethiopia. We employed multilevel and decomposition
analyses techniques to explore the key factors that widen
Table 5 presents the decomposition result of the intra- the rural-urban, intra-rural, and intra-urban gaps in
urban inequalities in child mortality grouped by urban child mortality in the country. We found statistically
wealth status. The intra-urban decomposition illustrated significant higher child mortality in rural areas than in
the mean proportion of urban child death by poverty urban areas which are also consistent with the previous
difference. On average, there would be 47 deaths/1000 studies (Adeyinka et al., 2020; Dendup et al., 2020;
children for urban poor and 21 deaths/1000 children for Gebresilassie et al., 2021; Yaya et al., 2019). This might be
urban non-poor, resulting in 26 deaths/1000 children due to difference in access and distance to public health
change in urban poor when applying the urban non-poor service, population living standards, health conditions,
coefficient and characteristics to urban poor behavior. In child healthcare-seeking behavior, and exposure to media
intra-urban decomposition analysis, birth order and type by place of residence in Ethiopia.
of sanitation facilities contributed to widening the intra-
urban gap in child mortality. On the other hand, household Our findings also provided the confirmatory evidence that
size and regional categories contributed to explaining the the largest part of the rural-urban inequality in child mortality
intra-urban child mortality gap. was attributable to individual, household, and community

Volume 7 Issue 2 (2021) 55 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.v7i2.392