Page 91 - IMO-2-3

Innovative Medicines & Omics Bioactivities of Commelina diffusa

saline, 10 mL/kg body weight, orally), standard (morphine, animals were treated with a 10% glucose solution (2 mg/kg
2 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally), crude methanolic body weight; Eskayef Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh).
extract of C. diffusa (100 and 200 mg/kg), chloroform- After 30, 90, and 150 min, blood was collected by pricking
soluble fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg), and petroleum ether- the tail vein, and the glucose level was measured using a
soluble fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg). At time zero, the test glucometer (Get Well Limited, Bangladesh). 24
samples and control treatments were administered orally
using a feeding needle. Tail-flick latency was recorded at 30 2.8. Statistical analysis
and 60 min post-administration for each mouse, and the Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance
average latency for each group was calculated. followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. All statistical analyses
were performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.2
2.6. Peripheral analgesic activity (GraphPad Software, USA).
The acetic acid-induced writhing method was used to
assess the peripheral analgesic efficacy. Pain was induced 3. Results
21
in the experimental animals via intraperitoneal injection 3.1. Antimicrobial results
of acetic acid, leading to writhing behavior, defined as
contraction of the abdomen and elongation of the body. The methanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform-
The analgesic effect of the test samples and the control was soluble fractions of C.diffusa exhibited low to moderate
assessed by comparing their writhing inhibition relative antimicrobial activity against most of the tested organisms
to the standard drug. A total of 40 mice were randomly (Table 1). At a concentration of 200 µg/disc, the zone of
divided into `treatment and control groups as described inhibition generated by each of these four extracts varied
in Section 2.5. However, the standard group received from 7.0 mm to 14.0 mm, while the standard disc of
diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg BW. At time zero, the mice kanamycin (30 µg/disc) produced 17–27 mm zones. The
received the respective treatments orally through a feeding highest antibacterial activity was noted for the chloroform
needle. After 40 min, all animals were administered 1% extract against Bacillus subtilis.
acetic acid intraperitoneally. Five minutes post-injection, These results suggest that the chloroform and
the number of writhes was recorded for each mouse over methanol extracts of C. diffusa have antimicrobial activity,
a 10-min period. The inhibition of writhing was calculated supporting its traditional medicinal use. Our result aligns
as a percentage using Equation I. with previous findings on the antimicrobial potential of
this plant. While the inhibitory effects were not as potent
25
Average Average as standard antibiotics, the observed zones of inhibition
writhingof − writhingof suggest that the plant possesses bioactive compounds with
control samplle
%Inhibition = ×100 (I) Table 1. Zone of inhibition (mm) exhibited by different
Average fractions of Commelina diffusa
writhingof control
Test microbes ME (200 PEF (200 CF (200 Kanamycin
µg/disc) µg/disc) µg/disc) (30 µg/disc)
2.7. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Gram-positive bacteria
OGTT is one of the best ways to assess hypoglycemic Bacillus cereus 7 11 8 19
activity. The test measures the rate at which glucose is Bacillus subtilis 10 11 14 27
removed from the circulation following administration. Staphylococcus aureus 8 10 9 22
22
A total of 25 experimental animals were chosen at
random and split into five groups (n = 5 per group): Gram-negative bacteria
Control, standard, methanol extract, petroleum ether- Escherichia coli 7 9 9 19
soluble fraction, and chloroform-soluble fraction. Each Pseudomonas 8 8 9 17
mouse was accurately weighed before treatment to ensure aeruginosa
accurate dosage adjustment. The standard group received Fungi
glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight), the control group Aspergillus niger 9 10 10 22
23
received 1% Tween-80 in normal saline, and the other Candida albicans - 10 9 17
three groups were given 200 mg/kg body weight of crude Saccharomyces 9 8 9 25
methanol extract, petroleum-ether soluble fraction, and cerevisiae
chloroform soluble fraction of C. diffusa. All the doses Abbreviations: CF: Chloroform fraction; ME: Methanol extract;
were administered orally at zero hour. After 30 min, all PEF: Petroleum ether fraction.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 85 doi: 10.36922/IMO025270030