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Innovative Medicines & Omics Bioactivities of Commelina diffusa

sustainable sourcing strategies are also vital for realizing quantifying the antimicrobial strength and enabling a more
the therapeutic potential of natural products, especially in precise comparison with standard antibiotics. The poor
addressing antimicrobial resistance. 43,44 solubility or limited diffusion of the extract components
Pain management remains a critical concern in modern within the agar medium could contribute to the relatively
medicine due to the limitations and adverse effects weak antimicrobial effect observed in our assay. Future
associated with conventional analgesic drugs, including studies may include broth microdilution and alternative
opioids and NSAIDs. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, solvents to better assess the true antimicrobial potential of
and polyphenols are the principal classes of plant the extract under conditions that allow more homogeneous
secondary metabolites investigated for analgesic activity. dispersion. In addition, the hypoglycemic potential was
45
In traditional medicine, many plants and their parts are assessed using a single-dose OGTT in healthy animals. To
also used for treating itching and rash. 46 fully evaluate the antidiabetic potential of C. diffusa, future
studies should utilize diabetic models.
Several clinical and preclinical studies support the
analgesic efficacy of flavonoids, such as quercetin, 5. Conclusion
kaempferol, and rutin, which exhibit both central and This study investigated the antimicrobial, analgesic, and
peripheral analgesic effects by modulating oxidative stress, hypoglycemic activities of the methanol extract of the
inflammatory pathways, and opioid receptors. In our whole C. diffusa plant, along with its petroleum ether- and
47
study, the C. diffusa exhibited potent analgesic activity chloroform-soluble fractions. Strong antimicrobial
in both hot-plate (tail-flick) and acetic acid-induced properties were demonstrated by the methanol and
writhing methods. The observed effect may be mediated, chloroform fractions against a variety of microorganisms.
at least in part, through anti-inflammatory pathways. Central analgesic activity, assessed using the tail-flick test
Several phytochemical constituents reported in the genus in mice, revealed potent efficacy for both fractions. The
Commelina, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, extracts also showed strong peripheral analgesic efficacy
are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties. in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. However, the
Further investigations are necessary to isolate and identify extract did not show significant hypoglycemic effects
the compounds responsible for the analgesic activity.
in a single-dose OGTT conducted in healthy mice. It is
4.1. Limitations and future research directions important to note that this finding is based on an acute
model in normoglycemic animals and does not rule
The current study presents preliminary findings on the out potential antidiabetic effects under pathological
antimicrobial, analgesic, and hypoglycemic activities of conditions. Further investigations using diabetic animal
C. diffusa. However, the study has some limitations. Notably, models are warranted to comprehensively evaluate the
detailed phytochemical characterization of the bioactive plant’s hypoglycemic activity and its possible mechanisms
extract was not conducted due to the lack of advanced of action in metabolically compromised states. Overall,
analytical instrumentation such as liquid chromatography- C. diffusa shows promising pharmacological potential and
tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass warrants further investigation for its possible therapeutic
spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance at our current applications.
facility. As a result, the specific compounds responsible for
the observed biological activities remain unidentified. This Acknowledgments
limits our ability to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of
action and to propose a standardized phytochemical profile We are grateful to the Northern University of Bangladesh
for potential therapeutic use. Future studies should focus on and the University of Dhaka for their laboratory support.
isolating and identifying the key active constituents using Funding
advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
Such investigations will be essential for understanding the None.
mechanisms of action, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency,
and progressing toward the development of standardized Conflict of interest
herbal formulations or drug leads. The study also employed The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
a small sample size for the in vivo tests, which may limit the
statistical power and generalizability of the findings. Author contributions
Furthermore, although the antimicrobial activity was Conceptualization: Tasnia Islam Anika, Mohammad
assessed using the disc diffusion method, determining Shawkat Ali,
the minimum inhibitory concentration is essential for Investigation: Tasnia Islam Anika, Md. Monirul Islam

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 88 doi: 10.36922/IMO025270030