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26 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2022, Vol. 5, No. 2 Madhavamurthy et al.

Table 1. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected orchids in various solvent extracts
Phytochemical tests D. jerdonianum D. barbatulum E. mysorensis B. neilgherrense P. pallida
Chl Meth Aq Cchl Meth Aq Chl Meth Aq Chl Meth Aq Chl Meth Aq
Sterols
Salkowski - - - - + - - - - + + - - + -
LB test + + + + + + + - + + + - + + +
Triterpenes
Salkowski - - - - + - - - - + + - - + -
LB test + + + + + + + - + + + - + + +
Saponins
Foam + - - + - - + - + + - - + - +
Alkaloids
Mayer’s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
Dragondroff’s - - - - - - + - - - + - - - -
Wagner’s - - + - - - - - - + - - + - -
Hager’s - - + - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tannins
FeCl3 - + + - + + - + + + + + - + +
Gelatine - + - - - - + + - + + - + + -
Flavonoids
Shinado + - + + + + + + + + - - + - -
FeCl3 - + + - + + - + + + + - + + +
Lead acetate + + + + + - + + + + + - - + +
Carbohydrates
Molisch’s + + + - + + - + + + + - + + +
Fehling’s + + + - - - + - - + - - + + -
Benedict’s - - + - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resins
Turbidity + - + + - - + - - + - - + - -
Acetic anhydride - + + - - - - - - + + - - - -
Proteins
Biuret - - - - + - - - - - - - - - +
Ninhydrin - - + - - - - - - - + - - - +
Glycosides
Killer-killiani + + + + + - + + - + + - + + -
Phenolics
Ferric chloride ‑ + + ‑ + + ‑ + + + + + + + +
Notes: “+”: presence;“-“: absence; Aq: Aqueous; Chl: Chloroform; Meth: Methanol; D. jerdonianum: Dendrobium jerdonianum;
D. barbatulum: Dendrobium barbatulum; E. mysorensis: Erythrina mysorensis; B. neilgherrense: Bulbophyllum neilgherrense; P. pallida:
Pholidota pallida

Rashmi et al. on P. pallida, which demonstrated significantly higher antimicrobial properties due
effective inhibition B. subtilis, B. coagulans, S. to the presence of a higher number of secondary
typhi, and E. coli using methanol extracts [34]. metabolites, as evidenced in the preliminary
The results indicated that among the tested plant phytochemical screening test. Extracts with
extracts, methanolic extract was found to possess high potential secondary metabolites effectively

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