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29 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2022, Vol. 5, No. 2 Madhavamurthy et al.

Table 3. DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected orchids in various solvent extracts
Plants and extracts Concentrations (μg/mL) IC (μg/mL)
50
20 40 60 80 100
D. jerdonianum
Chloroform 4.37±2.41 n 25.27±0.39 n 37.42±0.06 k 40.34±0.22 j 54.07±0.47 k 83.77
Methanol 23.93±0.82 l 39.85±0.19 h 47.75±2.13 h 56.86±0.13 h 62.21±1.42 i 68.30
Aqueous 38.91±0.81 c 47.26±1.61 e 57.22±0.65 c 68.40±0.26 d 81.28±0.97 e 43.72
D. barbatulum
Chloroform 28.18±0.55 j 32.80±0.68 k 45.32±1.99 i 51.64±0.34 i 65.97±0.13 h 71.06
Methanol 32.07±0.76 g 51.76±1.85 c 62.21±0.42 b 67.92±2.24 e 83.83±0.61 d 44.02
Aqueous 31.59±1.74 h 51.76±0.85 c 62.21±0.42 b 70.83±0.61 c 59.65±0.78 j 46.14
E. mysorensis
Chloroform 39.79±0.51 b 54.44±0.71 b 61.44±0.93 b 74.08±0.62 b 85.41±0.92 c 36.49
Methanol 33.90±0.36 d 50.18±2.26 d 56.74±0.62 d 68.28±0.75 d 75.69±0.66 f 42.47
Aqueous 29.76±0.14 i 34.38±0.39 j 39.85±0.19 j 40.94±0.75 j 61.60±0.89 i 84.76
B. neilgherrense
Chloroform 23.57±0.23 l 27.46±0.51 m 29.16±0.16 l 33.29±0.83 k 38.88±2.14 m 47.79
Methanol 12.02±0.16 m 21.74±0.97 o 26.00±0.43 m 33.17±1.32 k 45.20±0.49 l 117.50
Aqueous 35.96±0.98 d 41.31±2.27 g 51.03±0.81 f 59.29±0.26 f 74.72±0.61 f 54.84
P. pallida
Chloroform 33.04±0.82 f 38.03±1.59 i 44.10±0.93 i 57.71±0.67 g 68.40±0.26 g 63.87
Methanol 31.34±0.72 h 42.64±0.85 f 55.52±0.55 e 72.29±0.48 c 82.38±1.53 e 49.67
Aqueous 26.85±0.98 k 28.67±0.58 l 49.08±0.87 g 72.90±2.01 c 91.13±0.21 b 55.68
Standard
Gallic acid 41.33±0.51 a 59.41±0.65 a 68.38±0.61 a 80.34±0.58 a 94.61±0.47 a 30.49
Values are the means of three independent replicates±SE. Means followed by the same letter (s) within the same column are not
significantly different, according to Tukey’s HSD.

contents of 29.38%, 15.92%, 13.84%, and 13.10%,
respectively. The aqueous extracts D. Jerdonianum
showed a phenolic content of 18.26%, followed by
the chloroform extracts. The findings are in agreement
with the studies conducted by Poudel et al. [39] on
D. amoenum and Minh et al. [40] on Phalaenopsis
sp., which reported significant phenolic and flavonoid
contents in these orchid species, making them good
Figure 3. Total phenolic contents of selected orchid source of antioxidants [40].
in various solvent extracts at the concentration
of 100 µg/mL and expressed in gallic acid 4. Conclusion
equivalence per gram of dry weight. Values are the
means of three independent replicates (n = 3), and This study highlights the bioefficacy of selected
bars sharing the same letters are not significantly medicinal orchids from the Western Ghats. The
different (p ≤ 0.05) according to Tukey’s HSD test phytochemical analysis in various solvent extracts
results. revealed the presence of secondary metabolites
Notes: Chl: Chloroform; Meth: Methanol. such as alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, saponins,

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