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INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2022 Vol. 5 (No. 2) pp: 1-10

INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences

Journal homepage: https://accscience.com/journal/ITPS

REVIEW ARTICLE
Agmatine as a Novel Treatment Option for Neuropathies:

Experimental Evidences

Mrunali D. Dhokne, Madhura P. Dixit, Mayur B. Kale, Manish M. Aglawe, Milind J. Umekar,
Brijesh G. Taksande*

Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India
*Corresponding Author: Brijesh G. Taksande, Email: brijeshtaksande@gmail.com
Received: February 7, 2023; Accepted: March 31, 2023; Published: April 27, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.361
Copyright: Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International
4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original
work is properly cited.

Abstract:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, a subclass of glutamate receptors or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors,
prevents neuronal plasticity. However, neural plasticity plays a major role in the pain caused by inflammation and neuropathy,
providing clinical opportunities for the use of NOS inhibitors and NMDAR antagonists in the treatment of chronic pain. The
neuromodulator agmatine has both NOS inhibitory and NMDAR antagonistic activity, and it controls a range of neurotransmitters
and signaling pathways in the brain and spinal cord. The effects of agmatine on pain modulation are described and explored in this
article, along with a potential mechanism of action for these effects. We specifically offer evidence to support further clinical and
pre-clinical trials looking into agmatine as a novel therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.

Keywords: Agmatine, Neuropathic pain, Nitric Oxide, N-methyl-D-aspartate

1. Introduction non-nociceptive pathways due to neuronal death
and excessive synaptic activity [2]. Research on
Allodynia and hyperalgesia are a part of animal models of peripheral nerve injury suggests
neuropathic pain (NP), a type of chronic pain that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors
brought on by a lesion or illness that affects (NMDARs) have a function in NP [3]. According
the somatosensory system in the peripheral or to some studies, treatment of NMDAR antagonists
central nervous system (CNS) [1]. Damage to eliminates the impulsive pain and the thermal and
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) caused by mechanical hyperalgesia induced in rats with loose
infections, some medicines, metabolic illnesses, sciatic nerve ligation. The study also implies that
and mechanical trauma are the main causes of NP. inhibiting NMDAR delays pain-related behavior
Numerous mechanisms, including alterations in after nerve injury [4]. It has been demonstrated
gene expression and adjustments to ion channels that activation of NMDAR in different parts of
that result in ectopic activity in the PNS, are the CNS causes nitric oxide generation, which,
thought to contribute to NP. In the CNS, numerous in turn, causes a Ca -dependent rise in cyclic
2+
gene controls may also be changed. There is an guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The NMDAR
alteration in afferent inputs of both nociceptive and is activated, which increases intracellular Ca and
2+

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