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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Liquid biopsy and digital PCR in cancer

primers to be used. Collectively, both diagnostic qualities 3. Bianchini M, De Brasi C, Gargallo P, et al., 2009, Specific
strengthen the utility of liquid biopsy. assessment of BCR-ABL transcript overexpression and
imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia patients.
These advantages of LB and ddPCR indicate that their Eur J Haematol, 82: 292–300.
combination would provide the best tools in the precision
medicine of cancer. However, the main limitation is that https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01199.x
the LB cannot define the site of nesting and tumor growth. 4. Pagnano KB, Bendit I, Boquimpani C, et al., 2015, BCR-
ABL mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with
7. Concluding remarks tyrosine kinase inhibitors and impact on survival. Cancer
Invest, 33: 451–458.
Early detection of pharmacologically actionable somatic
mutations by LB-ddPCR makes it possible to establish https://doi.org/10.3109/07357907.2015.1065499
the corresponding therapy, regardless of the location of 5. Awidi A, Ababneh N, Magablah A, et al., 2012, ABL kinase
the tumor. This strategy allows for the detection of clonal domain mutations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
changes that warrant therapeutic modifications, which is in Jordan. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 16: 1317–1321.
instrumental for controlling tumor growth without side https://doi.org/10.1089/gtmb.2012.0147
effects, and improving the life quality and survival of
cancer patients. Hence, LB is an ideal theranostic approach 6. Haddad FG, Issa GC, Jabbour E, et al., 2022, Ponatinib for
for cancer. the treatment of adult patients with resistant or intolerant
Chronic-phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Expert Opin
Acknowledgments Pharmacother, 23: 751–758.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2022.2064742
None.
7. Hoffmeyer S, Burk O, von Richter O, et al., 2000, Functional
Funding polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene:
Multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele
None.
with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc
Conflict of interest Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97: 3473–3478.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.7.3473
The authors have no conflict of interest.
8. Lardo M, Castro M, Moiraghi B, et al., 2015, MDR1/ABCB1
Author contributions gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic myeloid
leukemia. Blood Res, 50: 154–159.
Conceptualization: Verónica Alejandra Alonso
Writing – original draft: Alberto Lazarowski https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2015.50.3.154
Writing – review & editing: Alberto Lazarowski 9. Pieri L, Spolverini A, Scappini B, et al., 2011, Concomitant
occurrence of BCR-ABL and JAK2V617F mutation. Blood,
Ethics approval and consent to participate 118: 3445–3446.
Not applicable. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-07-365007

Consent for publication 10. Zhou A, Knoche EM, Engle EK, et al., 2015, Concomitant
JAK2 V617F-positive polycythemia vera and BCR-ABL-
Not applicable. positive chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with
ruxolitinib and dasatinib. Blood Cancer J, 5: e351.
Availability of data
https://doi.org/10.1038/bcj.2015.77
Not applicable. 11. Fry DW, Kraker AJ, McMichael A, et al., 1994, A specific

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